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🩺 Ana 2 > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Mobile joint

A

upper extremity

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2
Q

prehensile organ (body part or organ that is adapted for seizing or grasping, especially by wrapping around)

A

hand

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3
Q

BONES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE

A

1) Clavicle
2) Scapula
3) Humerus

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4
Q
  • Flat, triangular bone
  • Lies between T2 – T7
A

scapula

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5
Q
  • only attachment of UE to trunk
  • saddle joint– 2 planes;2* of freedom
  • (+) articular disc
A

sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q
  • Ant and post sternoclavicular lig.
  • Interclavicular lig
  • Costoclavicular lig
A

ligaments of sternoclavicular joint

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7
Q

ligament strong; primary stability

A

costoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

Motion
- contraction (serratus anterior)
- retraction (trapezius and rhomboid)
- elevation (trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, rhomboid)
- depression (pectoralis minor and subclavius)

A

sternoclavicular

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9
Q

plane joint

A

acromioclavicular

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10
Q
  • Superior and inferior acromioclavicular lig
  • Coracoclavicular lig
A

acromioclavicular joint

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11
Q

conoid and trapezoid

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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12
Q

gliding movements takes place when the scapula rotates or when the clavicle is elevated or depressed

A

acromioclavicular joint

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13
Q
  • (+) glenoid labrum
  • ball & socket joint; 3 degrees of freedom
  • very mobile but limited stability
A

glenohumeral joint

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14
Q
  • Glenohumeral lig
  • Transverse humeral lig
  • Coracohumeral lig
  • Coracoacromial lig
A

glenohumeral joint

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15
Q

Z-band; 3 fibers; weak

A

glenohumeral ligament

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16
Q

Motions:
- flexion,
- extension,
- abduction,
- adduction,
- IR,
- ER

A

glenohumeral joint

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17
Q
  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Protraction / abduction  Retraction / adduction
  • Upward rotation
  • Downward rotation
A

scapular motions

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18
Q

2:1 ratio for abduction

A

scapulo-humeral mechanism

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19
Q

muscles
UE (scapula / humerus)

A

vertebral column

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20
Q

muscles
Humerus

A

scapula

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21
Q

muscles
UE

A

thoracic wall

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22
Q
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • LevatorScapulae
  • Rhomboid minor
  • Rhomboid major
A

back to upper ex

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23
Q

 Deltoid
 Supraspinatus
 Infraspinatus
 Teres minor
 Teres major
 Subscapularis

A

scapula to humerus

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24
Q

Subclavius
 Pectoralismajor
 Pectoralisminor

A

thoracic wall to upper ex

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25
Q
  • Pyramid-shaped
  • passage of nerves, blood and lymph vessels
A

axilla

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26
Q

Strong sheet of connective tissue that is attached above to the clavicle
 Splits to enclose pecs minor
 Continues downward as suspensory ligament

A

clavipectoral fascia

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27
Q
  • Intermuscular space below shoulder joint
  • Axillary nerve and post circumflex artery
A

quadrangular space

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28
Q

Muscles: Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis Blood Supply: brachial artery
Nerve supply: musculocutaneous n.

A

anterior fascial compartment

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29
Q

 musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerve
 Brachial artery and basilic vein
 Radial nerve in lower part

A

anterior fascial compartment

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30
Q

Muscle: triceps Nervesupply: radial nerve
Blood supply: profunda brachii and ulnar collateral artery
Structures: radial nerve (upper part) and ulnar nerve

A

posterior compartment

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31
Q

synovial hinge joint

A

humeroradial joint

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32
Q
  • aka “Humeroulnar joint”
  • synovial hinge joint
A

elbow joint

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33
Q
  • Flexion
  • Extension
A

elbow joint

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34
Q
  • lateral ligament
  • medial ligament
  • anterior and posterior transverse
A

elbow joint

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35
Q
  • synovial pivot joint
  • annular ligament
  • pronation
  • supination
A

proximal radiulnar joint

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36
Q
  • synovial pivot joint
  • anterior & posterior ligament
  • pronation
  • supination
A

distal radioulnar joint

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37
Q

Superficial: Pronator teres, FCR, Palmaris longus, FCU Intermediate: FDS
Deep: FDP, FPL and Pronator quadratus
Nerve supply: Median n. (except FCU and med 1⁄2 of FDP)
Blood supply: radial and ulnar a.

A

anterior fascial compartment (forearm)

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38
Q

Muscles: Brachioradialis, ECRL
Nerve Supply: Radial n.
Blood supply: Radial and brachial a.

A

lateral fascial compartment (forearm)

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39
Q

Superficial: ECRB, ED, EDM, ECU, Aconeus
Deep : Supinator, APL, EPB, EPL, EI
Nervesupply: deepbranch of radial n.
Blood supply: post. & ant. interosseus a.

A

posterior fascial compartment (forearm)

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40
Q

Boundaries:
Med: pronator teres
Lat: brachioradialis
Sup: imaginary line bet 2 epicondyles
Contents: brachial a.
median n. radial n. biceps tendon

A

cubital fossa

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41
Q
  • formed bet olecranon & medial
    epicondyle
  • ulnar n. passes through
A

cubital tunnel

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42
Q

-Proximal row(lat to med.):
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, & pisiform -Distal row:
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate,& hamate
 Metacarpals
 Phalanges

A

8 carpals

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43
Q

fingers(3), thumb(2)

44
Q

-aka “radiocarpal joint” -synovial ellipsoid joint LIGAMENTS:
- Ant. &post. Lig.
- Med. &lat. Lig. MOTIONS:
- Flexion,ext, abd, and add

A

wrist joint

45
Q

-synovial plane joints
LIGAMENTS:
- Ant. & Post. lig.
- Interosseous lig.
MOTIONS: small amount of gliding

A

intercarpal joints

46
Q
  • same with intercarpal joints

thumb:
- trapezium & 1st metacarpal bone
- synovial saddle shaped joint
MOTIONS:
- Flexion & ext. - Abd. & add.
- Rotation (opposition)

A

carpometacarpal & intermetacarpal joints

47
Q
  • synovial condyloid joints
    LIGAMENTS:
  • palmar lig
  • deep transverse
    metacarpal lig
  • collateral lig
    MOTIONS:
  • Flexion & ext.
  • Abd. & add.
A

metacarpopphalangeal joint

48
Q
  • same with MCP Joints
  • synovial hinge joint
A

interphalangeal joints

49
Q
  • forms the “carpal tunnel”
  • thickening of deep fascia
  • holds long flexor tendons in position at the wrist
  • Med: pisiform and hook of hamate
  • Lat: scaphoid and trapezium
  • upper border = distal transverse crease in front of wrist
  • lower border = attached to palmar aponeurosis
A

flexor retinaculum

50
Q

contents: 10
 Median nerve
 FPL tendon
 FDS tendons (4)
 FDP tendons (4)

A

carpal tunnel

51
Q
  • formed by pisiform and hook of hamate and the
    flexor retinaculum and palmar carpal ligament
  • ulnar nerve and ulnar artery passes through
A

tunnel of guyon

52
Q

 Thickening of deep fascia at post of wrist
 Holds long extensor tendons in place
 6 tunnels
 Med: pisiform and hook of hamate
 Lat: distal end of radius

A

extensor retinaculum

53
Q

Boundaries: APL, EPB and EPL
- scaphoid is easily palpated here
- pulsations of radial a. can be felt here

A

anatomic snuffbox

54
Q

 Palmaris brevis
 Lumbricals
 Interossei: palmar and dorsal

A

intrinsic muscles of hand

55
Q

 Thenar eminence: APB, FPB, OP
 Adductor pollicis

A

thenar muscles

56
Q

 ADM, FDM, ODM
Nerve supply: all ulnar n. except lat 1⁄2 of lumbricals

A

hypothenar muscles

57
Q
  • triangular; central area of palm
  • apex attached to distal border of flexor retinaculum
  • base- dividesto 4 slips to bases of fingers
  • 2 bands: superficial to skin, deep to root of finger
  • Fxn: give firm attachment to overlying skin, improve grip, protect underlying tendons
A

palmar aponeurosis

58
Q

 At anterior surface of head finger
 From head of MC to base of distal phalanx
 Prox end is open
 Distal end attached to base of distal phalanx

A

fibrous flexor sheath

59
Q

aka ulnar bursa (common to FDS and FDP)

A

synovial flexor sheaths

60
Q

synovial flexor sheaths
continues to tendons of little finger

A

medial part

61
Q

synovial flexor sheaths
stops in the middle of palm

A

lateral part

62
Q

synovial flexor sheaths
digital synovial sheaths

A

other fingers

63
Q

connect tendons to ant surface of phalanges

A

vincula longa and brevia

64
Q

Insertion of Long Flexor Tendons

65
Q

hand
inserts to base of middle phalanx

A

central band

66
Q

hand
converge to base of distal phalanx

A

2 lateral bands

67
Q
  • From axilla, it pierces coracobrachialis
  • Continues down bet. Biceps & brachialis
  • Above elbow, it pierces deep fascia
  • Continues as Lateral Cutaneous nerve to the forearm
A

musculocutaneous nerve

68
Q
  • From axilla, goes down medial arm and halfway down, crosses brachial a.
  • Enters cubital fossa and runs behind FDS
  • At wrist emerges behind flexor retinaculum
  • Ant. interosseous nerve
A

median nerve

69
Q
  • branch given as median nerve emerges bet 2 heads of pronator teres
  • Supplies FPL, PQ and lat 2 FDP
A

anterior interosseous nerve

70
Q
  • From axilla, goes down the medial side of brachial artery
  • At the level of insertion of coracobrachialis, accompanied by superior ulnar collateral a. – enters
    posterior arm to cubital tunnel
  • Passes between 2 heads of FCU
  • Emerges bet FCU and FDS
  • As its cross-flexor retinaculum divides into superficial and deep branch
  • Superficial: Pass through Tunnel of guyon
  • Deep: supplies intrinsic muscles of hand
A

ulnar nerve

71
Q
  • From axilla, runs posterior to arm (spiral groove)
  • Goes anteriorly above lateral epicondyle
  • Superficial branch: continues to distal FA, behind brachioradialis, where it goes to posterior wrist
  • Deep branch: pierces supinator, winds around neck of radius -> post. interosseous n.
A

radial nerve

72
Q
  1. Subclavian artery
  2. Axillary artery
  3. Brachial artery
  4. Radial artery
  5. Ulnar artery
  6. Palmar arch
  7. Digital arteries
A

arterial circulation

73
Q
  • (R) – from brachiocephalic trunk
  • (L) – from arch of aorta
  • Passes behind clavicle
  • Ends at outer end of 1st rib
  • Continues as axillary artery
A

subclavian artery

74
Q

artery that supplies brain

A

vertebral artery

75
Q

artery supplies breast & thorax

A

internal thoracic artery

76
Q
  • Origin: outer border of 1st rib
  • Passes through axilla
A

axillary artery

77
Q

Divided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor:
* 1st part: from 1st rib to upper edge of pecs minor
* 2nd part: behind pecs minor
* 3rd part: from lower border of pecs minor to teres major

A

axillary artery

78
Q

Divided into 3 parts by scalenus anterior
* 1st part: medial to scalenus anterior
* 2nd part: behind scalenus anterior
* 3rd part: lateral to scalenus anteriorto outer border of 1st rib
behind subclavius and subclavian vein

A

subclavian artery

79
Q

Branches
1st part: highest thoracic a. – runs along upper border of pecs minor
2nd part:
* thoracoacromial a.
* Lateral thoracic a. – runs along lower boder of pecs minor 3rd part: supply shoulder region
* Ant and post circumflex humeral artery
* Subscapular artery

A

axillary artery

80
Q
  • Main blood supply of arm
  • Origin: lower edge of teres major
  • Runs down medial aspect of arm, crosses cubital fossa under brachialis, extends 1cm below elbow jt
  • Bifurcates into radial & ulnar arteries
A

brachial artery

81
Q

Branch:
*Profunda brachii a.:travels post to arm in the radial groove(with radial n.) – supply post arm
* Superior ulnar collateral a.
* Inferior ulnar collateral a.

A

brachial artery

82
Q
  • Supplies posterior forearm
  • Smaller than ulnar artery
A

radial artery

83
Q

radial artery
cubital fossa, begins at level of radial neck

84
Q

radial artery
passes lateral side of forearm (with venae commitantes)

85
Q

radial artery
* lies bet. BR & FCR (radial pulse)
* Passes over anatomic snuffbox
* Pass bet 2 heads of dorsal interossei & add pollicis

86
Q

radial artery
- contributes mainly to supply of the thumb and the lateral side of the index finger
* Branches: princeps pollicis & radialis indicis

87
Q
  • Supplies anterior forearm
  • Begins in cubital fossa at level of neck of radius
A

ulnar artery

88
Q

ulnar artery
deep to pronator teres and flexor ms

89
Q

ulnar artery
runs at medial aspect
* Emerges on radial side of FCU
* Branches: Common interosseous a.-ant&post
interosseous artery

90
Q

ulnar artery
ant to flexor retinaculum, passes Guyon’s canal (medial to pisiform)

91
Q

ulnar artery
contributes mainly to the supply of the rest of the digits, and the medial side of the index finger

92
Q
  • Anastomoses of radial and ulnar arteries
A

palmar arch and digital arteries

93
Q
  • Ant to flexor tendons
  • More a continuation of ulnar a.
  • Palmar metacarpal and digital arteries arise to supply fingers and hand
A

superficial palmar arch

94
Q
  • More a continuation of radial a.
  • Digital arteries
A

deep palmar arch

95
Q
  • Cephalic vein
  • Basilic vein
  • Median vein
  • Median cubital vein
A

superficial venous circulation

96
Q
  • Lies proximal to MCP joints
  • Drains to cephalic vein on lateral side and basilic vein on medial side
A

dorsal venous arch

97
Q
  • From dorsal venous network
  • Ascends anterolateral aspect of forearm, ant to elbow
  • In upper arm, passes bet deltoid and pecs major
  • Pierces clavicopectoral fascia
  • joins axillary vein
A

cephalic vein

98
Q
  • Begins at ulnar part of dorsal venous network
  • Continues upward to the level of teres major as axillary vein
  • Receives blood from inner aspect of hand, forearm and arm
A

basilic vein

99
Q
  • Begins at palmar venous network
  • Ends when it joins the basilic vein in the ant forearm
A

median vein

100
Q
  • A branch of cephalic vein which connects to basilic vein at the level of cubital fossa
A

median cubital vein

101
Q
  • Located deep to the fascia
  • Same name and same course as arteries
  • Aka venae commitantes; comes in pairs
    1. Palmar metacarpal veins
    2. Deep palmar venous arch
    3. Ulnar veins
    4. Radial veins
    5. Brachial vein
    6. Axillary vein
    7. Subclavian vein
A

deep venous circulation

102
Q
  • Superficial and deep volar arches
A

deep veins of the hand

103
Q
  • Venae comitantes of the radial and ulnar veins
  • Unite ant to elbow to form brachial vein
A

deep veins of the forearm

104
Q
  • On either side of brachial artery
  • On the lower margin of Subscapularis, joins the axillary vein
  • The medial brachial vein joins basilic vein
A

brachial vein

105
Q
  • Begins at lower border of teres major
  • Increases in size as it rises
  • Ends at outer border of 1st rib
A

axillary vein

106
Q

receives brachial veins

A

Lower border of subscap

107
Q
  • Begins at outer border of 1st rib
  • Passes behind subclavius and clavicle
  • Ends at sternal border of clavicle
  • Continues to internal jugular vein
A

subclavian vein

🩺 Ana 2 (3 decks)

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