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🩺 Ana 2 > Abdomen - Pelvic > Flashcards

Abdomen - Pelvic Flashcards

1
Q
  • region of trunk lies inferior to abdomen
  • transmits body weight from vertebral column to femur
A

pelvis

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2
Q

Post: lumbar vertebrae
Lateral: iliac fossa and iliacus
Ant: lower part of abdominal wall

A

false pelvis

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3
Q

pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, pelvic cavity

A

true pelvis

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4
Q

aka pelvic brim
Boundaries:
Post: sacral promontory
Lat: iliopectineal lines
Ant: symphysis pubis

A

Pelvic Inlet

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5
Q

Boundaries:
Post: coccyx
Lat: ischial tuberosities
Ant: pubic arch

A

Pelvic Outlet

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6
Q

lies between the pelvic inlet & outlet

A

pelvic cavity

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7
Q

bones of the pelvis

A

Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip Bones (2)
3 bones joined at acetabulum

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8
Q

upper flattened part of hip bone

A

ilium

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9
Q
  • Iliac fossa
  • Iliac crest
  • Iliac tubercle
  • ASIS
  • AIIS
  • PSIS
A

ilium

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10
Q

bulge where ilium and pubis meets

A

iliopubic eminence

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11
Q

runs downward & forward on the inner surface of ilium; divides true and false pelvis

A

symphysis pubis

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12
Q

inferior and posterior bone
● Ischial tuberosity
● Ischial spine

A

ischium

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13
Q

● Greater sciatic notch
● Lesser sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

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14
Q
  • anterior part
  • pubic rami, symphysis pubis, body of pubis
A

pubis

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15
Q

● Pubic tubercle
● Pubic crest

A

body of pubis

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16
Q

superior and inferior

A

pubic rami

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17
Q

post; limited movement
Fxn: transmit weight from spine to pelvis

A

sacroiliac joint

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18
Q

ant, post and interosseous

A

sacroilliac ligament

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19
Q

strong; from lateral of sacrum, coccyx and PSIS to ischial tube

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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20
Q

triangular; base from lateral of sacrum & coccyx; apex – ischial spine

A

sacrospinous ligament

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21
Q
  • ant; cartilaginous joint
  • (+) fibrocartilaginous disc bet. 2 pubic bones
  • fixed
A

symphysis pubis

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22
Q

Filled in by obturator membrane, a fibrous sheet, leaving only a small gap

A

obturator foramen

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23
Q

obturator nerve & vessels

A

oburator canal

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24
Q

Tendon: OI
Nerve: pudendal & n. to OI

A

lesser sciatric foramen

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25
Q

Muscle: piriformis
● Nerves:
● Sciatic
● IGN
● SGN
● Pudendal
● nerve to OI and QF
● Vessels:
● Sup & Inf gluteal a. & v.
● Internal pudendal a. & v.

A

greater sciatric foramen

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26
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
false pelvis: males

A

deep

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27
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
false pelvis: females

A

shallow

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28
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic inlet: females

A

transverse oval

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29
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic cavity: males

A

smaller

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30
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic cavity: females

A

larger

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31
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic outlet: males

A

smaller

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32
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
ischial tuberosity: females

A

everted

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33
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
ischial tuberosity: males

A

inverted

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34
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
sacrum: males

A

longer

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35
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pubic arch: females

A

round

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36
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic inlet: males

A

heart

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37
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pelvic outlet: females

A

larger

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38
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
sacrum: females

A

shorter

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39
Q

Difference of pelvis in males & females
pubic arch: males

A

triangular

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40
Q

pubic bone, pubic rami, symphysis pubis

A

pelvic walls: anterior

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41
Q

sacrum, coccyx, piriformis muscle

A

pelvic walls: posterior

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42
Q

pubic bone, ilium, sacrotuberous & sacrospinous
ligament, oburator internus ms

A

pelvic walls: lateral

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43
Q

supports pelvic viscera; divides pelvic cavity and perineum - Formed by pelvic diaphragm

A

pelvic walls: inferior

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44
Q

Obturator membrane & adjoining part of hip bone

A

obturator internus

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45
Q

Pubic body obturator fascia

A

levator ani

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46
Q

Ischial spine

A

coccygeus

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47
Q

Greater troch. (femur)

A

piriformis & obturator internus

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48
Q

Lower end of sacrum & coccyx

A

coccygeus

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49
Q

Hip ER

A

piriformis

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50
Q

Supports pelvic viscera, sphincter to vagina & anorectal jxn

A

levator ani

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51
Q

Assists levator ani,
Flexes coccyx

A

coccygeus

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52
Q

n. to piriformis

A

piriformis

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53
Q

n. to OI

A

obturator internus

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54
Q

S4, pudendal n.

A

levator ani

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55
Q

Ant: sling around prostate or vagina; inserted to
perineal body
Levator prostate - M
Sphincter vaginae- F

A

levator ani muscles

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56
Q

sling bet rectum and anal canal

A

puborectalis

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57
Q

inserts to anococcygeal body

A

pubococcygeus

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58
Q

inserts to anococcygeal body & coccyx

A

iliococcygeus

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59
Q

small triangular muscle

A

Coccygeus / Ischiococcygeus

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60
Q

Formed by connective tissue
Continuous with fascia lining abdominal wall and perinuem
2 layers: parietal & visceral

A

pelvic fascia

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61
Q

lines walls of pelvis, named accdg to muscle it overlies

A

parietal pelvic fascia

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62
Q

covers and supports the pelvic visera

A

visceral pelvic fascia

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63
Q

term used to refer to pelvic fascia in the region of the uterine cervix

A

parametrium

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64
Q

Lies on post pelvic wall
● Relations:
NERVE SUPPLY
● Ant: internal iliac vessel and their branches
● Post: piriformis

A

sacral plexus

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65
Q

sciatic nerve

A

(L4-S3)

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66
Q

superior gluteal nerve

A

(L4-S1 post)

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67
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

(L5-S2 post)

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68
Q

quadratus femoris

A

(L4-S1 ant)

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69
Q

obturator internus

A

(L5-S2 ant)

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70
Q

cutaneous of the thigh

A

(S1-S3)

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71
Q

piriformis

A

(S1-S2 post)

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72
Q
  • ends at pelvic inlet infront of SI jt
  • divides into external and internal iliac a.
A

common iliac artery

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73
Q
  • follows the pelvic brim
  • gives off branches: inferior epigastric & deep circumflex iliac a. - passes under inguinal ligament to become femoral a.
A

external iliac artery

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74
Q
  • passes down to pelvis to upper margin of greater sciatic foramen
  • divides into ant and post division
A

internal iliac artery

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75
Q

Superior vesical a. - upper part of bladder

A

umbilical

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76
Q
  • base of bladder, prostate & seminal vesicles
  • Artery to vas deferens
A

obturator

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77
Q
  • lower rectum
A

middle rectal artery

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78
Q

muscles of anal canal, skin and muscles of perineum

A

internal pudendal a

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79
Q

takes place of inf. vesical a. in males

A

vaginal a

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80
Q

supplies gluteal region

A

superior gluteal a

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81
Q

joins (L) common iliac vein

A

median sacral veins

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82
Q

Sigmoid colon
● Rectum

A

pelvic cavity: posterior

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83
Q

Ureter
● Urinary Bladder

A

anterior pelvic cavity

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84
Q

Continuation of descending colon
10 to 15.75 in
level of 3rd sacral vertebra (continues as rectum)
Attached to post pelvic wall by sigmoid mesocolon

A

sigmoid colon

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85
Q

Arteries: sigmoid branches of inf. mesenteric a.
Veins: tributaries of inferior mesenteric vein
NERVE SUPPLY: inf. hypogastric plexus

A

sigmoid colon

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86
Q

5 inches long
* Begins: level of S3 vertebra
* Course: Goes downward, following curve of sacrum & coccyx
* Ends: tip of coccyx
* pierce pelvic diaphragm -> anal canal

A

rectum

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87
Q

dilated lower part

A

rectal ampulla

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88
Q

covers the ff:
first 1/3
middle 1/3
last 1/3

A

peritoneum

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89
Q

ant & lat surfaces

A

first 1/3

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90
Q

ant only

A

middle 1/3

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91
Q

none

A

last 1/3

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92
Q

outer longitudinal & inner circular layers of smooth muscles

A

muscular coat

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93
Q

3 permanent folds; formed by mucous membrane and circular muscle layers

A

transverse folds

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94
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY:
Arteries: superior, middle and inferior rectal a. Veins: superior, middle and inferior rectal v.
NERVE SUPPLY: inferior hypogastric plexus

A

rectum

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95
Q

● a pair of muscular tubes extending from kidney to posterior surface of bladder
● crosses pelvic inlet anterior to bifurcation of common iliac a.
CONSTRICTIONS:
● renal pelvis joins ureter in abdomen
● as it crosses the pelvic brim to enter pelvis
● where it pierces the bladder wall

A

ureter

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96
Q

found behind symphysis pubis
● stores urine (max capacity: 500 ml of urine in women and 700 ml in men)
● Empty: pyramidal-shaped; lies within pelvis
● Full: ovoid- shaped; superior wall rises to hypogastric region

A

urinary bladder

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97
Q

points anteriorly
● connected to symphysis pubis by median umbilical ligament

A

apex urinary bladder

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98
Q

posterior surface; triangular (trigone)

A

base urinary bladder

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99
Q

covered by peritoneum

A

superior surface: urinary bladder

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100
Q

related to retropubic fat pad

A

inferolateral surface urinary bladder

101
Q

continues as urethra
Male: rests directly on top of prostate Female: rests on top of urogenital diaphragm

A

neck urinary bladder

102
Q

thrown into folds, disappear when bladder is full

A

mucous membrane

103
Q

3 layers of bundled smooth muscles

A

detrussor muscles

104
Q

small elevation behind urethral orifice

A

uvula vesicae

105
Q

thickened circular component at neck of bladder

A

sphicter vesicae

106
Q

Stretch receptors in bladder signal desire to urinate
● Smooth muscle of bladder wall contracts and internal sphincter of urethra relaxes
● Voluntary relaxation of external sphincter
● Abdominal muscles contract to increase pressure and force urine out

A

micturition

107
Q

connect rete testis to epididymis

A

efferent ductules

108
Q

firm, mobile organ lying within the scrotum
● (L) is lower than (R)
● surrounded by tunic albuginea - a tough fibrous capsule
● divided into lobules
● within each lobule are 3 coiled seminiferous tubules
● tubules open to network of channels called rete testis

A

testes

109
Q

lies post to testis, with vas deferens lying on its medial side
● coiled tube nearly 20ft long
● has a head, body and tail
● from tail,it emerges as ___as it enters spermatic cord

A

epididymis

110
Q

Arteries: testicular artery
Veins: testicular veins -> pampiniform plexus

A

testes & epididymis

111
Q

● ●
thick-walled tube; 18 inches long
● ● ● ●
Fxn: conveys mature sperm from epidydimis to the ejaculatory duct and the urethra
Begins: tail of epididymis
Course: passes inguinal canal to post of bladder Ends: joins seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

A

vas derens

112
Q

dilated terminal part of vas deferens

A

ampulla of vas deferens

113
Q

2 lobulated organs; 2 inches long
● lie on posterior surface of the bladder
● joins the vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct
BLOOD SUPPLY: inferior vesicle and middle rectal a.

A

seminal vesicles

114
Q

formed by union of vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle
● pierce post. surface of prostate
● Fxn: drain the seminal fluid into prostatic urethra

A

ejaculatory ducts

115
Q
  • fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the prostatic urethra
  • 5 lobes
  • lies between the neck of bladder above and urogenital diaphragm
  • Fxn: produces a thin, milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phophatase that is added to seminal fluid
  • Secretion is alkaline-neutralize the acidity in the vagina
A

PROSTATE

116
Q

Blood Supply:
Arteries: inferior vesical and middle rectal a. Veins: prostatic venous plexus
Nerve Supply: inferior hypogastric plexus

A

prostate

117
Q

3 parts of urethra

A

prostatic, membranous, spongy urethra

118
Q

1 1/4 inches long
● Begins: neck of bladder
● Course: passes through prostate, continuous with membranous urethra
● widest and most dilatable urethral portion

A

prostatic urethra

119
Q

rethral crest
● prostatic sinus
● prostatic utricle

A

prostatic urethra

120
Q
  • openings on each side of crest
A

prostatic sinus

121
Q
  • analog of uterus and vagina in females
A

prostatic utricle

122
Q

thin, fibrous capsule surrounding ovary

A

tunica albuginea

123
Q

covers capsule of ovary

A

germinal epithelium

124
Q

attaches ovaries to back of broad ligament

A

mesovarium

125
Q

(Round ligament of ovary) – Attaches the ovaries to the lateral wall of uterus

A

ovarian ligament

126
Q

Attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall and contains the main blood vessels which enter the ovary at the hilum

A

suspensory ligament

127
Q

oval-shaped, found on either side of uterus
position: variable but often found hanging down the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
lie on the ovarian fossa - a depression on lateral pelvic cavity
Fxn: production of ova and female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

A

OVARY

128
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY: Artery: Ovarian a. Veins: Ovarian v.
NERVE SUPPLY:
derived from aortic plexus and accompanies ovarian artery

A

ovary

129
Q

● 4 inches long
● connects ovary to uterus
● Fxn:
● receives ovum from ovary and transports it to uterus
● site where fertilization can take place (usually ampulla)
● nourishment of ovum
● conduit where sperm can travel to meet the ovum

A

uterine tubes

130
Q

funnel-shaped lateral end

A

infundibulum

131
Q

finger-like processes at end of funnel

A

fimbriae

132
Q

widest part

A

ampulla

133
Q

narrowest part

A

isthmus

134
Q

segment that pierces uterine wall

A

intramural part

135
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY: uterine and ovarian a. and v. NERVE SUPPLY: inferior hypogastric plexus

A

uterine tubes

136
Q

hollow, pear-shaped organ with thick muscular walls

A

uterus

137
Q

lies above entrance of uterine tubes

A

fundus

138
Q

below entrance of uterine tubes

A

body

139
Q

inferior part which extends to vagina

A

cervix

140
Q

cavity

A

cervical canal

141
Q

normal; uterus is bent over bladder

A

anteversion

142
Q
  • uterus is bent forward at level of internal os
A

anteflexion

143
Q

body of uterus is bent backward

A

retroverted

144
Q

bent backward on cervix

A

retroflexed

145
Q

migrates downward

A

prolapsed

146
Q

maintains the anterverted position of uterus; from superlateral angle of uterus, passes through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal to labia majora

A

round ligament of uterus

147
Q

In child: small until puberty
In pregnancy: enlarged, becomes a part of abdominal cavity After menopause: atrophies; less vascular

A

uterus

148
Q

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

149
Q
  • aka pouch of Douglas
  • most inferior part of peritoneum in females
A

rectouterine pouch

150
Q

two-layered fold of peritoneum; from lateral margin of uterus to lateral pelvic wall

A

broad ligament

151
Q

region of the trunk which lies in the diaphragm above and the inlet below

A

abdomen

152
Q
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia
  • Muscles
  • Extraperitoneal fascia * Parietal peritoneum
A

abdominal wall: anterior

153
Q

Lumbar vertebra and their
IV discs
* 12th rib and upper part of pelvis
* Muscles and aponeurosis

A

abdominal wall: posterior

154
Q

4 Quadrants of abdomen

A
  • Right upper * Left upper
  • Right lower * Left lower
155
Q

9 regions of abdomen

A
  • right hypochondriac region
  • epigastric region
  • left hypochondriac region
  • right lumbar region
  • umbilical region
  • left lumbar region
  • right iliac region
  • hypogastric region
  • left iliac region
156
Q

Loosely attached to the underlying structures
* Lines of cleavage – run downward and forward

A

skin

157
Q

depression along the linea alba
* site of attachment of umbilical cord of the fetus

A

umbilicus

158
Q

lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle & crosses the costal at the tip of 9th costal cartilage

A

linea semilunaris

159
Q

consist of superficial fatty layer and deep membranous layer

A

superficial fascia

160
Q

Camper’s fascia
* Scarpa’s fascia
* Colle’s fascia

A

superficial fascia

161
Q

thin layer of CT covering the muscles
* lies immediately deep to the membranous layer of the superficial fascia

A

deep fascia

162
Q

3 sheets of muscles that are aponeurotic in front

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Transversus
163
Q

covered by rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis

164
Q

lower part of the rectus sheath

A

pyramidalis

165
Q

Lateral flexion of trunk, rotates the trunk towards the opposite side, assist diaphragm during inspiration, assist in force expiration, supports and protects the abdominal viscera, abdominal straining

A

external oblique

166
Q

defect in the aponeurosis, where the spermatic cord passes

A

superficial inguinal ring

167
Q

Fibers run at right angles to those of the external oblique
A – same as EO except rotation

A

internal oblique

168
Q

insertion joined by similar fibers from
the transversus abdominis

A

conjoint tendon

169
Q

A – compresses the abdomen
* Conjoint tendon

A

transversus abdominis

170
Q

fascia that lines the transversus abdominis
* Continuous with the layer lining the diaphragm and iliacus
* Deep inguinal ring

A

fascia transversalis

171
Q

Long strap muscle, separated by the linea alba
* A – compress abdomen, trunk flexor, muscle of
expiration
* Covered by the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis

172
Q

lateral margins

A

linea semilunaris

173
Q
  • A- tenses the linea alba
  • Often absent
A

pyramidalis

174
Q
  • Aponeurosis of the IO, EO and transversus
  • Encloses rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
  • Contains nerves and vessels
A

rectus sheath

175
Q
  • terminal branch of Internal thoracic artery
  • enters the rectus, supplying the upper central part of anterior abdominal wall
  • anastomose with inferior epigastric artery
A

superior epigastric artery

176
Q
  • branch of external iliac artery
  • pierces fascia transversalis to enter the rectus sheath
  • ascends behind rectus muscle supplying lower central part of anterior abdominal wall
  • anastomose with superior epigastric artery
A

inferior epigastric artery

177
Q
  • branch of External iliac artery
  • supplies lateral lower part of the abdominal wall
A

deep circumflex artery

178
Q

level above umbilicus

A

anterior thoracic axillary node

179
Q

level under umbilicus

A

superficial inguinal node

180
Q
  • oblique passage through the lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
  • allows structures to pass to & from the testis to the abdomen in males
  • permits passage of the round ligament of the uterus from the labia majora of the uterus, in females
  • transmit the ilioinguinal nerve for both sexes
  • lies above and parallel to the inguinal ligament
A

inguinal canal

181
Q
  • half an inch above the inguinal ligament
  • oval opening in fascia transversalis
A

deep inguinal ring

182
Q
  • triangular in the aponeurosis of external oblique; attached laterally to ASIS and curves downward medially to be attached to the pubic tubercle, sometimes called CRURA
A

superficial inguinal ring

183
Q
  • 5 lumbar vertebra and IV discs
  • 12th rib
  • Pelvic bones - ilium
  • Muscles
  • Psoas
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Iliacus
A

posterior abdominal wall

184
Q
  • O – transverse process, sides of vertebral bodies and IVD of T12 – L5
  • I – lesser trochanter of the femur
  • Covered by a sheath from the lumbar fascia
  • Thickened to form the medial arcuate ligament
  • N – lumbar plexus
  • A – hip flexion or trunk flexion
A

psoas major

185
Q
  • Small muscle that lies anterior to psoas major
  • Unimportant and often absent
A

psoas minor

186
Q
  • Flat, quadrilateral-shaped muscle
  • O – iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, transverse
    process of lower lumbar vertebra
  • I – 12th rib, transverse process of upper 4 lumbar vertebra
  • Covered by lumbar fascia
  • Thickened to form the lateral arcuate ligament
  • N – lumbar plexus
  • A – depresses the 12th rib, lateral flexion to same side
A

quadratus lumborum

187
Q
  • Fan-shaped
  • O – upper part of iliac fossa
  • I – joins the psoas major to insert in the lesser trochanter of the femur
  • N – femoral nerve
  • A – hip flexion or trunk flexion
A

iliacus

188
Q

CT between the parietal peritoneum and the fascial lining of the abdominal and pelvic wall

A

extraperitoneal tissue

189
Q

space between parietal and visceral layer

A

peritoneal cavity

190
Q

serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavity
* clothing of the abdominal and pelvic viscera

A

peritoneum

191
Q
  • between greater and lesser sac
  • oval window
  • serves as communication between two sacs
A

epiploic foramen

192
Q

almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum

A

intraperitoneal organ

193
Q
  • partially covered by visceral peritoneum
A

retroperitoneal

194
Q
  • Two-layered folds that connect solid viscera to
    the abdominal walls
  • Falciform ligament
A

peritoneal ligaments

195
Q
  • Two-layered fold of peritoneum that connect
    the stomach to another viscera
  • Greater omentum
  • Lesser omentum
A

omenta

196
Q
  • Two-layered folds of peritoneum connecting parts of the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall
A

mesenteries

197
Q
  • Muscular, collapsible tube that joins the pharynx to the stomach * Greater part lies within the thorax
  • Pierces diaphragm and enters the stomach(right side)
  • Conducts food from pharynx to stomach
  • Wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles called
A

esophagus

198
Q
  • Dilated portion of the alimentary canal
  • Storage of food
  • Mixes food with gastric juices to form chyme
  • Controls amount of chyme for digestion
  • Situated in the left upper part of the abdomen
  • J shape
A

stomach

199
Q

from celiac artery

A

left gastric artery

200
Q

arises from the hepatic
artery

A

right gastric artery

201
Q

arises from the splenic artery

A

short gastric artery & left gastroepiploic artery

202
Q

arises from the gastroduodenal branch of the hepatic artery

A

Right gastroepiploic artery

203
Q

drain into the splenic vein

A

Short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein

204
Q

drain or joins the superior mesenteric vein

A

Right gastroepiploic vein

205
Q

drain directly into the portal vein

A

left and right gastric veins

206
Q
  • Longest part of the alimentary canal, extends from the pylorus to the iliocecal junction
  • Greater part of digestion and food absorption
A

small intestine

207
Q
  • C-shaped tube
  • Joins the stomach to the jejunum
  • Curves around the head of the pancreas
  • Situated in the epigastric and umbilical regions
A

duodenum

208
Q

begins at pylorus and runs upward and backward on the right side of L1 Vertebra

A

1st part

209
Q

runs vertically downward in front of the hilum of the right kidney

A

2nd part

210
Q

runs horizontally to the left

A

3rd part

211
Q

runs upward and to the left to the duodenojejunal flexure

A

4th part

212
Q
  • 20 ft long
  • Upper 2/5 – jejunum
  • Lower 3/5 – ileum
A

jejunum and ileum

213
Q

supplies the lower part of the ileum

A

iliocolic artery

214
Q
  • Extends from the ileum to the anus
  • Parts: cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse
    colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon
  • Rectum and anal canal are in the pelvic region
  • Absorption of water and electrolytes
  • Storage of undigested material until it can be expelled from the body as feces
A

large intestine

215
Q
  • Lies below the level of the junction of the ileum
  • The ileum enters the large intestine at the junction of the
    cecum with the ascending colon
  • The opening is provided with two-folds which forms the ILIOCECAL VALVE
A

cecum

216
Q
  • Horizontal folds of mucous membranes that project around the orifice of the ileum
  • Plays little or no part in preventing reflux
A

illiocecal valve

217
Q
  • Narrow muscular tube containing large amount of lymphoid tissue
  • Attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum below the ileocecal junction
  • Located in the McBurney’s point
A

appendix

218
Q

Lies at right lower quadrant
* extends upward from cecum to the inferior surface
of the R lobe of the liver
* Turn sharply to L forming R colic flexure/ hepatic
flexure
* Blood supply: ileocolic and R colic arteries,
branches of the superior mesenteric artery * Vein: superior mesenteric vein

A

ascending colon

219
Q
  • Located in the umbilical region
  • begins at the R colic/hepatic flexure and ascends to
    the L colic flexure
A

transverse colon

220
Q

suspends the transverse colon from the anterior border of the pancreas

A

transverse mesocolon

221
Q

supplied by middle colic artery, branch of the superior mesenteric artery

A

proximal 2/3

222
Q

supplied by L colic artery, branch of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Distal 1/3

223
Q
  • Lies on L upper & lower quadrants
  • extends from L colic flexure to the pelvic brim
  • Blood supply: L colic artery & sigmoid branch of inferior mesenteric artery
  • Veins: drain towards the inferior mesenteric vein
A

descending colon

224
Q

begins at the pelvic inlet, continuation of the descending colon, joins the rectum in front of the sacrum

A

sigmoid colon

225
Q

occupies the posterior part of the pelvis cavity, descends in the part in front of the sacrum to leave the pelvis by piercing the pelvic floor

A

rectum

226
Q
  • Largest organ in the body
  • Production and secretion of bile
  • Involvement in many
    metabolic activities
  • Filtration of blood
A

liver

227
Q

large
* Quadrate lobe
* Caudate lobe

A

right lobe

228
Q

hilum of the liver that is found on the
posteroinferior surface and lies between the
quadrate lobe and caudate lobe (figure 5.7)
* Blood supply – hepatic artery
* Veins – hepatic veins

A

liver

229
Q

secreted by liver at a constant rate
* If digestion is not taking place, bile is stored in the
gall bladder
* Delivered to the duodenum during digestion

A

bile ducts

230
Q
  • Pear-shaped sac undersurface of the liver
  • Parts;
  • fundus
  • body * neck
  • serves as reservoir for bile which contains bile salts assists in digestion and absorption
  • Blood supply- cystic artery, branch of R hepatic artery
  • Veins- portal vein
A

gall bladder

231
Q
  • Both exocrine & endocrine gland
A

pancreas

232
Q

secretes enzymes capable of hydrolyzing
proteins, fats and carbohydrates

A

exocrine

233
Q

islets of Langerhans produces insulin and glucagon

A

endocrine

234
Q

head- lies within the concavity of the duodenum
* neck- more constricted portion
* body- runs upward and to the L across the midline
* tail- passes upward in the splenicorenal ligament and in contact with hilum of the spleen

A

pancreas

235
Q

begins at the tail and runs the length of the gland
* opens into the 2nd part of the duodenum

A

pancreatic duct

236
Q

drains at the upper part of the head

A

accesory duct

237
Q
  • reddish, largest single mass of lymphoid tissue
  • oval in shape, has a notch on the anterior border
  • surrounded by peritoneum by gastrosplenic omentum from the hilus down to greater curvature of the stomach
A

spleen

238
Q

connects from the spleen to the L kidney

A

splenicorenal ligament

239
Q
  • Excretion of waste product
  • major role in controlling water & electrolyte balance into the
    body & maintaining the acid-base balance of the blood
  • R kidney: slightly lower than L kidney
  • median border has a hilus; passage for renal vein, 2 branches of renal artery, ureters, 3rd branch of renal artery
A

kidney

240
Q
  • convey urine from the kidney to urinary bladder
A

ureters

241
Q

funnel shaped, expanded upper end of the
ureter that lies within hilus of kidney

A

renal pelvis

242
Q

renal calculus or nephrolith

A

kidney stones

243
Q

lies at upper poles of the kidney

A

suprarenal glands

244
Q

secretes hormones such as mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids and sex hormones

A

cortex

245
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

medulla

246
Q

pyramidal, located at the
upper pole of the R kidney

A

right suprarenal gland

247
Q

crescentic in shape @medial border of the L kidney

A

left suprarenal gland

248
Q
  • drains blood from abdominal part of the g.i tract
  • drainsbloodfromspleen,pancreas,7gallbladder
  • enters liver & breaks up into sinusoids, which blood passes into the hepatic veins that join the inferior vena cava
  • runs upward in front of the opening into the lesser sac to the porta hepatis, where it divides into R & L terminal branches
A

portal vein

🩺 Ana 2 (3 decks)

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