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Kines Final > Upper Cervical > Flashcards

Upper Cervical Flashcards

1
Q

Unique structures of cervical spine:

A
  • transverse foramina for vertebral artery

- C1, C2 and C7 are all atypical vertebrae

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2
Q

Atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1, C2 and C7

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3
Q

Primary function of the atlas

A

hold the head on the neck

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4
Q

Structure of the atlas

A
  • no body, pedicle, lamina or SP
  • 2 large lateral masses joined by anterior and posterior arches
  • concave superior articular facet to articulate with occiput
  • inferior articular facet: flat and slightly concaved, faces inferiorly and is sloped down 20 degrees
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5
Q

inferior articular facet of the atlas

A
  • flat and slightly concave
  • facets inferiorly sloped down at a 20 degree angle
  • articulates with superior facet of C2
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6
Q

T/F the atlas has the largest transverse process in the cervical region

A

True- due to key attachment point of multiple small muscles to control fine movements

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7
Q

the superior articular facet of the axis (C2) is convex or concave?

A

convex to articulate with the atlas

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8
Q

OA joint

A
  • convex on concave
  • primary motion is flexion/extension (nodding)
  • always moves with the head
  • ROM fo flexion/ext is about 15 total degress (5 flexion, 10 extension)
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9
Q

Primary motion of OA joint

A

flexion/extension (nodding)

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10
Q

ROM for flexion/extension at OA joint

A

15 degrees total

  • 5 from flexion
  • 10 from extension
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11
Q

ROM values for OA

A
  • axial rotation is negligible
  • lateral flexion +/- 5 degrees
  • flexion/ext- 15 degrees
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12
Q

AA joint primary motion

A

-rotation

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13
Q

orientation of the AA joint is closer to the __________ plane

A

horizontal

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14
Q

Median joint of the AA joint

A

anterior arch of the atlas and the dens of the axis

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15
Q

Dens

A

vertical axis for rotation

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16
Q

ROM at AA joint

A
  • +/- 5 degrees flexion
  • +/- 10 degrees extension
  • 25-40 degrees of axial rotation
  • about 5 degrees of lateral flexion
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17
Q

Flexion of OA

A
  • convex on concave

- occipital condyle roll anteriorly and simultaneously slide posteriorly with flexion (opp. with extension)

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18
Q

Flexion of the AA joint

A

flat to slightly concave

atlas tilts forward with cervical flexion

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19
Q

Extension of OA

A
  • rolls back and slightly forward
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20
Q

Extension of AA

A

atlas tilts backward

21
Q

cervical rotation at AA

A

ideal for rotation (OA has restricted motion0

22
Q

Cervical Lateral rotation (OA)

A

small amount of rolling occurs

slide is in the opposite direction of the roll

23
Q

Lateral rotation AA

A

spinal coupling

frontal and horizontal planes

24
Q

spinale coupling

A

one motion around one plane is associated with another around a different plane

25
Q

role of OA and AA joints in spinal coupling

A
  • lateral flexion is coupled with contralateral rotation

- rotation is coupled with contralateral lateral flexion

26
Q

longus capitis and longus colli form the…

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

27
Q

suboccipital muscles function to

A

exert fine control of OA and AA joints (position the eyes, ears and nose)

28
Q

Alar ligament

A
  • attaches laterally on dens and medial on occipital condyles
  • limits contralateral head rotation and contralateral lateral flexion
29
Q

Transverse ligament

A

connects the atlas to the axis and holds the dens in place on the posterior side

30
Q

Cruciform ligament

A

contains the transverse ligament and suprior-inferior bands of the transverse ligament

31
Q

Tectorial membrane

A
  • cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament
  • limits flexion of Up cervical spine and provides multidirectional stability
32
Q

the tectorial membrane is injured with what type of injury?

A

forced flexion injuries

33
Q

QQ: what happens at the OA joint during flexion?

A

the occipital condyles slide posteriorly

34
Q

QQ: what does a positive finding on the sharp purser test indicate?

A

compromise in the integrity of the transverse ligament

35
Q

4 signs and symptoms of damage to tectorial membrane

A
  • nausea
  • dizziness
  • light headedness
  • nystagmus
36
Q

Sharp purser test assesses the integrity of the

A

transverse ligament

37
Q

the tectorial membrane restricts

A

OA flexion

38
Q

signs of a positive tectorial membrane test

A
  • nystagmus
  • facial paraesthesis
  • profuse sweating
  • nausea and vomiting
  • difficulty swallowing
39
Q

The alar ligament restricts

A

side-bending and rotation of the axis to the opposite side

40
Q

positive alar ligament test

A

if the C2 does NOT move with cervical movement this is a positive test
- look for spasm of muscles in presence of a tear

41
Q

alar ligament test: when you passively rotate the head to the right the C2 spinous process should come into contact with your finger on what side?

A

the left side - this is indicative of a LEFT intact alar ligament

  • should have 15-20 degrees of motion
42
Q

normal motion with alar ligament test

A

15-20 degrees

43
Q

transverse cruciate ligament does what?

A
  • provides stability in the sagittal plane
  • restricts anterior glide of the atlas in flexion of C1 on C2
  • holds dens in place
  • if torn dens will move posteriorly on spinal cord
44
Q

with AA rotation what type of end-feel is normal?

A

firm

45
Q

QQ: what spinal coupled motion occurs with right rotation at C1 and C2

A

left lateral flexion

46
Q

QQ: which structure of the upper cervical region is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Tectorial membrane

47
Q

QQ: T/F Longus Colli and Longus capitis function together as a dynamic posterior longitudinal ligament

A

FALSE

  • they work together as the dynamic anterior longitudinal ligament
48
Q

QQ: what does a positive sharp purser test indicate?

A

compromise in integrity of the transverse cruciate ligament

49
Q

QQ: when testing passive flexion combined with right side-bending at the OA joint, you are assessing…

A

maximum posterior glide of the left condyle

Kines Final (4 decks)

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