Mid-Cervical

Question 1

The mid-lower cervical spine segments are all oriented…

Answer 1

45 degrees to the horizontal and frontal planes

Question 2

Interbody joints are located between

Answer 2

each vertebral body

Question 3

interbody joints are located from C2/3 to

Answer 3

L5/S1

Question 4

each interbody joint contains:

Answer 4

• intervertabral disc
• vertebral endplates
• adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 5

the intervertebral disc contains

Answer 5

the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus

Question 6

annulus fibrosis

Answer 6

concentric rings of fibrocartilage tissues with each layer oriented about 90 degrees differently to optimize strength

Question 7

the annulus fibrosis is thicker..

Answer 7

anteriorly

Question 8

it is easier to herniate the disc to the posterior or anterior direction?

Answer 8

posteriorly because of the crescent shaped annulus fibrosis and weaker posterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 9

Nucleus pulposis

Answer 9

• 70-90% water for shock absorption and dissipation of forces across the vertebrae
• as you get older the water in the disc is greatly reduced

Question 10

Vertebral endplates

Answer 10

cartilaginous caps made up of connective tissue that covers a majority of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral bodies

Question 11

changing vertebral endplates with age

Answer 11

• thick at brith
• during childhood they serve as growth plates for the vertebrae
• in childhood they become thinner and only occupy about 5% of the height of each intervertebral space

Question 12

another name for facet joint

Answer 12

apophyseal joint

Question 13

facet joints in the mid-lower cervical spine

Answer 13

• inferior facets of the superior vertebrae face anteriorly and inferiorly
• superior facets of the inferior vertebrae face posteriorly and superiorly

Question 14

Facet surfaces between C2-7

Answer 14

• 45 degrees between horizontal and frontal planes

- allows for motion in all 3 planes

Question 15

Arthrokinematics flexion

Answer 15

• sagittal plane

- inferior facets of superior vertebrae slide superiorly and anteriorly

Question 16

arthrokinematics extension

Answer 16

sagittal plane

- inferior facets of superior vertebrae slide posteriorly and inferiorly

Question 17

ROM values flexion mid cervical

Answer 17

35-40 degrees

Question 18

ROM values extension mid cervical

Answer 18

55-60 degrees

Question 19

arthrokinematics Protraction

Answer 19

• sagittal plane motion
• head translates forward
• mid-lower cervical spine flexes
• upper cervical spine extends

Question 20

with prolonged cervical extension

Answer 20

this leads to forward head postures; stress and strain on the joints and muscles

Question 21

arthrokinematics of retraction

Answer 21

sagittal plane motion

- head translates posteriorly - mid-lower cervical spine extends and upper cervical spine flexes

Question 22

Arthrokinematics lateral flexion

Answer 22

• frontal plane motion

- ipsilateral downslide with contralateral upslide

Question 23

ROM values with lateral flexion

Answer 23

30-35 degrees on each side

Question 24

ROM values for rotation

Answer 24

30-35 degrees each side (total is 65-75 degrees)

Question 25

Arthrokinematics of rotation

Answer 25

inferior facet of superior vertebrae slides posterior and slightly inferior on the ipsilateral side; anterior and slightly superior on contralateral side

Question 26

what position at the AO joint creates a posterior glide at the occipital condyles?

Answer 26

Flexion

Question 27

what position would you put the AO joint in to create max anterior glide of L occipital condyle

Answer 27

Extension with L lateral flexion (side-bend) and coupled right rotation

Question 28

What 2 positions could you place the OA joint in to test max posterior glide of L occipital condyle?

Answer 28

• flexion with R lateral flexion and couples left rotation

- flexion with L rotation and coupled right lateral rotation

Question 29

what 2 positions could you place the OA joint in to test max anterior glide of the R occipital condlye?

Answer 29

• extension with R lateral flexion and L rotation

- Extension with L rotation and coupled right lateral flexion

Question 30

Cranial cervical flexor test

Answer 30

assesses the strength of the deep cervical muscles (local stabilizers of the spine)

• normal is able to generate 28-30mmHg of pressure for 10 seconds without compensation

Question 31

if someone has neck pain what is the normal range with the Cranial cervical flexor test

Question 32

Superficial neck muscles

Answer 32

global muscles; larger torque producing; they transfer balance and loads during movements

Question 33

with forward head posture for extended periods of time

Answer 33

this could result in “re-posturing” of the cervical spine

- puts a lot of stress on joints and muscles in craniocervical region

Question 34

what is the median pressure achieved in individuals without and with neck pain using cranial cervical flexion test?

Answer 34

28mmhg without pain and 24 with pain

Question 35

QQ: someone with forward head posture will exhibit all of the following EXCEPT

a) excessive protraction of craniocervical region
b) excessive retraction of craniocervical region
c) excessive flexion in mid-lower cervical region
d) excessive extension in upper cervical region

Answer 35

B- exscessive retraction of craniocervical region

Question 36

QQ: T/F the uncovertebral joints are sites for degenerative changes in the cervical spine

Answer 36

True

Question 37

uncovertebral joints limit

Answer 37

lateral flexion in the cervical spine

they permit flexion and extension

Question 38

QQ: the articular facets of the cervical vertebrae (C3-7) are oriented

Answer 38

45 degrees to the frontal and horizontal plane

Question 39

QQ: what spinal coupled motion occurs with left rotation of C3 and C4`

Answer 39

Left lateral flexion

Question 40

QQ: T/F a tear in the transverse cruciate ligament has the potential to move the dens anteriorly and compress the spinal cord

Answer 40

FALSE