UPEs Flashcards
The life, death, and resurrection of Jesus shows “religious desire” to be the…
1
place where a person starts to know Christ.
2
foundation on which knowledge of Christ must be built.
3
common element of fallen humanity in its quest to be like God.
4
goodness of the image and likeness of God that Christ validates.
3
A view of Christ “from below” allows for a proper biblical understanding of Jesus’ person and work because it…
1
allows God to be a “wholly other” God with humans in rebellion against Him.
2
views humanity’s relationship to God as only partially damaged by the Fall.
3
keeps God as the object of human reason.
4
starts with Jesus as the incarnated Logos, focusing on His divinity.
1
Augustine set Western theology on its course by using…
1
Plato’s view of humanity’s fall into sin and adding Christ’s redemption.
2
Plato’s view of the soul’s fall into bodies to explain the Fall in Genesis.
3
Jesus’ life as a critique of Plato’s view of the soul’s fall into bodies.
4
Plato’s view of the soul’s fall into bodies to explain Jesus’ death.
2
A narrative view of Jesus’ life is critical for understanding Christology primarily because…
1
the narrative of Scripture allows Jesus’ lordship to be seen rightly.
2
the narrative of Scripture helps show how Christology relates to history.
3
it helps us to see how the church wrongly elevated Jesus to divinity.
4
it shows how Jesus’ life is understood better today than when He lived.
1
Epistemology is the aspect of theology and philosophy that…
1
deals with what things are in their true nature.
2
attempts to describe the essence of a particular object.
3
explains what is true with logical proofs of certainty.
4
tries to explain how one comes to know or believe in what is true.
4
In regard to the gospel of Jesus Christ, the most common definition of the word contextualization refers to how the…
1
gospel transforms a person’s view of his or her cultural context.
2
host church adapts the gospel message to accommodate cultural beliefs.
3
cultural context is critiqued in order for the gospel to remain pure.
4
church stays faithful to the gospel to be a light to its host culture.
2
In the context of the church’s way of doing theology, LaCugna’s term theologia refers to…
1
strict devotion to understanding God according to the revelation of Scripture.
2
the Catholic Church’s doctrine that took priority over Scripture.
3
talk about God in se, as He is “in himself” within the Immanent Trinity.
4
knowledge of the particular Christian God only through Jesus’ life and death.
3
A biblical narrative approach to Christology emphasizes the…
1
reasonability of Christianity to help people learn about Christ’s nature.
2
preaching of the gospel that appeals to all people everywhere.
3
existence Christ had eternally with the Father.
4
life Jesus lived as a human as one of obedience to the Father in the Spirit.
4
Yoder believes the early Christian creeds were already accommodating the Greco-Roman thought structure in that they…
1
focused on Christ’s relationship with the Father from all eternity.
2
dealt almost completely with God’s inner being.
3
separated the spiritual Christ from the earthly Jesus.
4
said nothing about the historical and political aspects of Jesus’ life in Israel.
4
Docetists believed that Jesus’ human body…
1
appeared to be real but was not.
2
was real but could feel no pain.
3
was real only after He was raised from the dead.
4
was both real and unreal, depending on what He needed it to be at the time.
1
Sabellianism is best identified by the belief that…
1
God is a Trinity of equally divine persons.
2
God revealed himself in three successive “modes”: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
3
God is one so that the Son and the Spirit cannot be fully divine.
4
Jesus was merely adopted, at His baptism, to be the Son of God.
2
The Council of Nicaea was most likely convened because…
1
the church was expanding and needed to have better planning methods.
2
persecution of Christians had ended, and the church needed a new missions strategy.
3
factions among the clergy regarding Christ threatened the unity of the Roman Empire.
4
church bishops realized their disunity and wanted to settle their differences.
3
At its most basic, Arius’ view stated that…
1
Jesus was begotten of the Father eternally.
2
Jesus was begotten of the Father at His baptism.
3
since Jesus was begotten of the Father, there was a time when He was not.
4
since Jesus was never begotten of the Father, He was not at all divine.
3
Apollinarianism was a teaching that claimed…
1
Jesus did not have a rational human soul.
2
Jesus became the Son of God at His baptism.
3
the Logos was created by the Father at a particular time before the Incarnation.
4
the Son was only of a similar substance as the Father.
1
The pro-Nicene theologians’ view that opened a wider split between God’s inner nature and His economy of salvation was that…
1
God is an eternal Spirit and Jesus was an earthly human.
2
God is not able to suffer, so it was the Logos in Jesus who suffered and died on a cross.
3
God is wholly other and Jesus was “God with us.”
4
God’s wrath condemns sin, yet Jesus ate and drank with sinners.
2
Due to the Cappadocian fathers’ view, the Eastern church tradition generally regards the Trinity…
1
first as one substance and then as three distinct persons.
2
as three successive modes of operation of the one Father.
3
as of lesser importance than the one divine substance.
4
in a relational way because the Son is eternally begotten by the Father.
4
Through time, the Western Christological method came to focus on…
1
how Jesus lived His life.
2
what Jesus’ person consists of.
3
how the Father redeemed humankind.
4
the repentance required by Jesus’ death.
2
Athanasius’ view of the incarnation of the Logos into human flesh…
1
made it irrelevant whether Jesus possessed a human soul or not.
2
proposed that Jesus became the Logos at His baptism.
3
did not believe Jesus’ flesh to be a real material body.
4
claimed the two natures to be a mixture, resulting in a third type of humanity.
1
According to Schwarz, during its first few centuries the church began to identify the Logos with…
1
only what was known in Scripture.
2
the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
3
the wisdom of God as revealed in the gospel.
4
the reason that is inherent in the rest of the created world.
4
From Neoplatonism’s influence, Augustine believed the human soul to be…
1
unconnected to God in any way.
2
nothing more than the human mind’s ability to think.
3
fallen into the material world of human bodies from the world of Forms.
4
without any trace of God’s image and likeness.
3
Augustine viewed the image and likeness of God after the Fall as…
1
being completely lost and unattainable without salvation in Christ.
2
residing in all people and needing only God’s infused grace for faith in Christ.
3
being restored through repentance over one’s complete loss of God’s image.
4
being unintelligible without the Spirit of Christ revealing it to a person.
2
Augustine confused the definition of personhood in regard to the Father, the Son, and the Spirit by…
1
saying they were all the same person.
2
describing the word person first as an essence and then later as a substance.
3
claiming they each shared the same personhood.
4
saying there was no adequate word in Latin to describe the Greek idea of person.
2
The Council of Chalcedon proposed that…
1
Jesus’ earthly nature was swallowed up by His divine nature.
2
Jesus had two natures only after His baptism by John.
3
Jesus’ two natures were completely separate and worked one at a time.
4
Jesus’ two natures were held together in a hypostatic union without confusion.
4
According to Gustaf Aulén, the early church viewed Christ’s work of atonement as…
1
the overcoming of the evil forces of the world.
2
the forgiveness of individual sins within a person’s heart.
3
a moral example that all are to follow.
4
a forensic act of justification.
1
The theologian of the Middle Ages who was credited with the substitutionary atonement theory was…
1
Augustine.
2
Aquinas.
3
Anselm.
4
Abelard.
3
Augustine’s invention of a person’s “inner space” facilitated a view of Christ that made salvation…
1
more public.
2
a result of a person’s works.
3
either objective or subjective within the individual.
4
the Spirit’s placement of a person into the visible church.
3
The diminishing of the public nature of Jesus’ cross over the centuries was mainly facilitated by…
1
Constantine’s Edict of Milan.
2
the persecution of Christians.
3
the sacrament of the Eucharist.
4
Abelard’s moral influence theory of atonement.
1
During the Middle Ages, Jesus’ cross came to represent the…
1
evil of the Roman Empire.
2
violence of all humanity.
3
harmony of the universe.
4
church’s place in the world.
3
In imperial cult worship, the most important means by which a Roman citizen maintained the favor of the gods was through…
1
prayer.
2
good deeds.
3
love.
4
sacrifice.
4
Christians in the early church were executed primarily because they refused to…
1
worship Caesar as one of their gods.
2
render taxes to Caesar.
3
support Caesar’s building campaigns.
4
serve as soldiers in the Roman army.
1
Thomas Muentzer’s belief that church and society were virtually synonymous led him to conclude that…
1
the visible church should serve non-Christians as if they were Christians.
2
Christians had the right to kill people with the sword for being false disciples.
3
believers should live as if they were no better than nonbelievers.
4
all people would be saved at the end of time.
2
Thomas Aquinas’s Christology was “from above” in that he considered Jesus to be…
1
a Jewish revolutionary who threatened the peace of Rome.
2
the ascended Christ who existed with God from all eternity.
3
the incarnation of the Logos into a real human person in time and space.
4
the fulfillment of all Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah.
2
According to our study, Thomas Aquinas’s view of God was…
1
explicitly Trinitarian by its focus on the economy of salvation.
2
virtually nontrinitarian by its focus on God’s one essence being in all creation.
3
transformational by a focus on the Spirit’s work of repentance bringing people to faith.
4
relational by a focus on Jesus’ life of obedience demonstrating true sonship to God.
2
The Christology of the Middle Ages largely viewed Jesus’ life as…
1
merely a vehicle leading to a higher spiritual meaning.
2
the historical fulfillment of Israel’s hopes for a Messiah.
3
that of a prophet who received sonship with God at His baptism.
4
a reality that required all people’s repentance because of His death on a cross.
1
Scholasticism was a method of doing theology known for its…
1
emphasis on knowing the Hebrew and Greek languages of the Bible.
2
desire to limit theology only to what can be known through Scripture.
3
practical application of theology for living the Christian life.
4
endless speculation about the most trivial matters of theology.
4
Nominalism was a method of philosophy and theology that believed…
1
an item’s true meaning was in its universal form or idea.
2
an item’s true meaning could not be known.
3
one’s perception of an item determined its meaning.
4
an item had its own particular meaning with no need for a universal meaning.
4
According to King Henry VIII, the true representative of Christ over England was the…
1
parish priest over London.
2
archbishop of Canterbury.
3
king himself.
4
pope.
3
Huldrych Zwingli’s view of Christ made salvation…
1
an inner work only for those whom God had predestined to receive it.
2
an outward work that became inward through baptism.
3
God’s infusion of faith into the heart of a person devoted to loving Him.
4
a matter of a person’s free choice to receive it by faith.
1
Zwingli applied Augustine’s principle of an inward-outward split to…
1
the reading of Scripture and prayer.
2
the husband-and-wife relationship.
3
the sacraments and the work of the Spirit.
4
church worship and preaching.
3
In answer to the dilemma of people knowing God through the natural order but that natural order condemning all people to idolatry, John Calvin proposed that…
1
all people would eventually be saved.
2
God predetermined some to receive salvation.
3
many would be saved through the preaching of the gospel.
4
only those who chose to receive Christ by their own free will would be saved.
2
John Calvin returned to a focus on Jesus’ office of…
1
priest.
2
healer.
3
prophet.
4
king.
4
