Self Tests Flashcards
The proper biblical description of the gospel of Jesus Christ being “relevant” involves…
1
studying a culture to know how to fit Jesus into its understanding.
2
making Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection agreeable to culture.
3
showing how people’s lives are to fit the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus.
4
showing how ideas from culture help us understand the life of Jesus.
3
Much of Christianity in Western cultures has replaced the true gospel message of Jesus Christ with one that…
1
is respectable and wants the church to have a winning outcome in history.
2
wants to transform people from this world into the church.
3
seeks to make disciples no matter what the cost.
4
realizes the church is how God has chosen to make His will known in the world.
1
According to Rieger, many Christians in Western nations cannot understand the lordship of Jesus because…
1
they have not had enough opportunities to travel to underdeveloped nations.
2
the idea of lordship was eradicated from Western cultures centuries ago.
3
lordship has a negative meaning due to the Western desire for equality.
4
Western empires are largely invisible, and the power within them goes unseen
4
A biblically based Christology begins with an emphasis on…
1
stories to accommodate how people best fit God into their lives.
2
God as the subject who carries out His salvation in and through history.
3
church doctrine about Christ that makes sense of Jesus’ death and resurrection.
4
philosophy to teach people how to accommodate Jesus to their thinking.
2
One who truly regards Jesus Christ as Lord will…
1
read his or her cultural ideologies back into Scripture.
2
allow Scripture to critique his or her cultural biases.
3
view Scripture as the way God has shown all religions to have His Spirit, even partially.
4
view Scripture as the only way in which God speaks to us today.
2
Thomas Kuhn described a paradigm as…
1
an invisible thought structure that determines how one sees all reality.
2
the acceptance of new discoveries no matter what the results might be.
3
the known criteria that all people use to discern the truth of new data.
4
an entity that is always changing due to people’s willingness to reject old ideas.
1
The most important reason Christians should study their own culture is so…
1
they can appreciate the good qualities all people in their culture possess.
2
their hope for the culture can be strengthened.
3
they can see the effect of their own culture on their view of the gospel.
4
they can better accommodate the gospel to their culture.
3
The writers of the Synoptic Gospels portrayed Jesus’ life as close as possible to the chronological narrative so…
1
there would be no dispute whether or not He rose from the dead.
2
they would all be in agreement and equally reliable.
3
Jesus’ life would confront the reader much like it did the people while He was living.
4
their narratives would later qualify for inclusion in the New Testament canon.
3
The term oikonomia is defined as…
1
the “house of God.”
2
the Immanent Trinity, how God exists as eternally three persons.
3
the relationship Jesus had with the Father from all eternity.
4
God’s plan of salvation revealed chronologically throughout history.
4
A feature of a biblical narrative approach to Christology that is often neglected is that…
1
Jesus’ resurrection and ascension as Lord over all is verified only by God’s Spirit.
2
Jesus’ identity is established by His eternal life with the Father.
3
Christ is God’s Son through being fully divine while incarnated in Jesus.
4
people’s ability to know God by confessing Jesus as Lord is assumed from the start.
1
The early Christian creeds, such as the Apostles’ Creed, corresponded to the biblical text by…
1
listing the categories in which God is to be placed.
2
stating belief in God in the order of Father, Son, and Spirit.
3
beginning with God as a substance, then as Father, Son, and Spirit.
4
stating that Scripture is true before listing beliefs in Father, Son, and Spirit.
2
The Greek philosophical split between the spiritual and material worlds caused church fathers such as Irenaeus and Justin Martyr to…
1
hold to one view of the Logos as the biblical way to combat the split.
2
see the person of Jesus as the only way to know the one Logos of God.
3
hold to two Logos of God, one eternal and one incarnate in Jesus.
4
deny that the Logos was ever incarnated in the person of Jesus.
3
Docetism comes from the Greek word dokein, which means “to…
1
represent.”
2
reflect.”
3
appear.”
4
know.”
3
Modalistic Monarchianism is related to “oneness” in its belief that God…
1
is a monad who revealed himself in three successive ways.
2
is one unity of three distinct persons.
3
exists first as one substance and then as three persons.
4
the Father is God alone, with Jesus and the Spirit as lesser “modes” of divinity.
1
Who called for the bishops to gather at the Council of Nicaea?
1
Origen
2
Eusebius
3
Arius
4
Constantine
4
Arius had taught that Jesus was of…
1
a similar substance as the Father.
2
a different substance as the Father.
3
the same substance as the Father.
4
an unknowable substance like the Father.
1
The Alexandrian school of theology’s view of Jesus’ incarnation was that…
1
the incarnation of the Logos was known only through Jesus’ resurrection.
2
Jesus took on all humanity to restore the Logos in all people that was lost at the Fall.
3
it was merely an idea of God that was complete only at Jesus’ baptism.
4
it emphasized the particular life of Jesus of Nazareth as constituting the Logos.
2
Athanasius viewed the incarnation of Jesus mainly from a…
1
metaphysical perspective.
2
biblical and historical perspective.
3
soteriological perspective.
4
philosophical perspective.
3
Eunomius furthered Arius’ earlier idea by saying that Jesus…
1
did not possess a human soul.
2
became fully divine at His baptism.
3
only appeared to have a human body; it was not real.
4
was generated by the Father and therefore not fully divine.
4
According to LaCugna, the Western theological tradition is a method that is…
1
“from above” because it focuses on God’s intra-divine relations.
2
unconcerned with what individuals think about Jesus’ divine nature.
3
based on God’s economy of salvation through the biblical narrative.
4
“from below” because it focuses more on how Jesus lived than on what He was.
1
The main issue of Apollinarianism, which led to the Council of Chalcedon, concerned whether…
1
the Son of God, as the Logos of God, had a beginning.
2
Jesus had a rational human soul.
3
Jesus was truly divine.
4
Jesus was a full member of the Trinity.
2
One of the most important shifts during the first few centuries of the church was that the church began to…
1
view the Logos as less than God.
2
view the Logos as created by God.
3
regard the Logos as fully God.
4
identify the Logos in Jesus with the Logos in all creation.
4
In synthesizing Neoplatonism with the Christian faith, Augustine used Plotinus’ view that…
1
the soul was fallen from the world of Forms into human bodies.
2
a human soul had no connection to God.
3
the soul was nothing more than the human ability to think.
4
a person needed God to replace his or her sinful soul with Christ’s soul.
1
Augustine believed the eternal Christ to be…
1
completely incompatible with Greek philosophy.
2
equated with the Wisdom that fulfilled the human quest to know God.
3
known only through the life and death of Jesus.
4
revealed to a person only by the Spirit making Scripture known.
2
How did Augustine’s concept of an “inner space” impact the Western understanding of Christ’s person and work?
1
Because of Christ’s eternal nature, each person’s soul was considered to be eternal.
2
It emphasized the significance of Jesus’ life within God’s redemption plan.
3
Christ’s characteristics were seen as substances that were imparted to individuals.
4
It focused on Jesus’ humanity at the expense of His divinity.
3
Augustine influenced how theology in the West views the Trinity by…
1
equating personhood with the substance of God shared by each Person.
2
keeping the relations of God known only in terms of the salvation plan.
3
equating the three Persons of the Godhead with their roles in Jesus’ life and death.
4
emphasizing the Greek definition of person to explain the relationality of God.
Multiple Choice
7
Cyril of Alexandria accused Nestorius of
Incorrect
00:00:08
1
keeping both natures of Jesus equal.
2
minimizing the human nature in Jesus.
3
completely separating the two natures in Jesus as if there were two Sons.
4
fusing the two natures of Jesus into only one nature.
Multiple Choice
8
The Monophysites basically taught that Jesus
Correct
00:00:05
1
had two natures.
2
received His divine nature at His baptism.
3
had one human nature.
4
had one divine nature.
Multiple Choice
9
Anselm is credited for developing the theory of atonement described as
Correct
00:00:06
1
substitutionary.
2
subjective.
3
classical victorious.
4
reconciling.
Multiple Choice
10
Anselm’s theory of the atonement cohered with the church’s diminishing of the Economic Trinity in that it
Correct
00:00:07
1
maintained an emphasis on Jesus’ life and death as overcoming evil.
2
saw Jesus’ death as conquering human rebellion.
3
kept an emphasis on the narrative of Scripture for knowing salvation.
4
viewed Christ’s work strictly within God’s intra-divine relations in himself.
Multiple Choice
1
Cyril of Alexandria accused Nestorius of…
1
keeping both natures of Jesus equal.
2
minimizing the human nature in Jesus.
3
completely separating the two natures in Jesus as if there were two Sons.
4
fusing the two natures of Jesus into only one nature.
3
The Monophysites basically taught that Jesus…
1
had two natures.
2
received His divine nature at His baptism.
3
had one human nature.
4
had one divine nature.
4
Anselm is credited for developing the theory of atonement described as…
1
substitutionary.
2
subjective.
3
classical victorious.
4
reconciling.
1
Anselm’s theory of the atonement cohered with the church’s diminishing of the Economic Trinity in that it…
1
maintained an emphasis on Jesus’ life and death as overcoming evil.
2
saw Jesus’ death as conquering human rebellion.
3
kept an emphasis on the narrative of Scripture for knowing salvation.
4
viewed Christ’s work strictly within God’s intra-divine relations in himself.
4
As a result of Augustine’s view that confined Christ mainly to the Immanent Trinity, a Christian’s spirituality was considered to be…
1
detached from the real world.
2
tied to the political realm of the empire.
3
best expressed through public servanthood.
4
high when the believer was persecuted for living as Jesus lived.
1
During the Medieval Age, the nature of Jesus’ death on the cross…
1
demonstrated public humiliation as a result of declaring the reign of God.
2
demonstrated how humans are inherently violent and sinful.
3
became more of a public, physical experience.
4
became more of an inward, spiritual experience.
4
After Constantine’s vision of a cross over a battlefield, Jesus’ cross increasingly became…
1
the Roman soldiers’ execution method for those threatening the Pax Romana.
2
the Jewish leaders’ execution method for those committing blasphemy.
3
a symbol of His salvation for all by taking on the sins of the world.
4
a symbol of God’s cosmic victory over all His enemies, even those of the Roman Empire.
4
The Roman emperors carried out their function as vicar of the gods in order to…
1
keep the pax Romana.
2
ensure Rome’s world dominance.
3
show compassion.
4
give equal rights to all people everywhere.
2
Christians in the early church were executed by the Roman government primarily because…
1
they refused to pay taxes to Rome.
2
Rome needed people for their gladiators to kill in the Colosseum.
3
they refused to worship the emperor as a god.
4
they protested Roman slavery by refusing to work.
3
The Catholic Church legitimized its authority over all earthly rulers by portraying itself as a…
1
partaker in Christ’s suffering and death.
2
monarchy in Christ’s reign over the entire world.
3
community of disciples called to serve the world.
4
kingdom of priests called to sacrifice for earthly rulers.
2
The Radical Reformation believed Christology should be based on…
1
Jesus’ life and death as the model for a person’s life of discipleship.
2
the atonement theory of forensic justification.
3
formulations of biblical doctrine.
4
the creeds of the Nicene and Chalcedonian councils.
1
Thomas Aquinas believed a person could know God…
1
only by reading Scripture or by hearing the gospel preached.
2
through the Holy Spirit’s convincing that Jesus was God’s only Son.
3
by observing God’s nature and character within creation and in humanity.
4
by repentance of his or her natural inclination to rely on good works to be saved.
3
Thomas Aquinas’s view of salvation was based on the image of God being…
1
unknowable.
2
completely lost at the Fall.
3
restored only through Christ’s image of the Father.
4
within all people even after the Fall.
4
Aquinas’s view of the Trinity furthered the views of…
1
Augustine.
2
Abelard.
3
Anselm.
4
Alexandria.
1
During the Middle Ages, Christology focused on…
1
Jesus’ death as requiring repentance from all people.
2
the narrative of Scripture as the only means of knowing Christ.
3
the actual events of God’s reconciliation through Jesus Christ.
4
an intellectual, abstract knowledge about Christ.
4
Because everyone in Europe was a “Christian” through infant baptism, a person’s confession of Christ when he or she became an adult…
1
required a public act of penance.
2
was completely unnecessary.
3
had no public implications and was a private, inward matter.
4
was necessary only for those becoming a monk or a nun.
1
The most notable feature of Europe’s universities in the Middle Ages was their…
1
desire to teach a unified system of biblical theology.
2
appreciation for diversity and other points of view.
3
pluralism that led to divisive debates and contention between rival schools.
4
apathy toward reaching any kind of certainty about theological truth.
3
Realism believed that true knowledge of a thing was found in…
1
its appearance.
2
its usage.
3
one’s perception of its appearance.
4
the universal idea that gave it meaning.
4
The main reason for the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation was the…
1
abusive power of the Roman Empire.
2
lack of biblical preaching by the Catholic priests.
3
Catholic Church’s distorted views of Christ and the abuses that resulted.
4
lack of church growth and progress.
3
King Henry VIII brought reform to England in that he…
1
became more supportive of the pope in Rome.
2
replaced the pope in Rome with himself as the head of the Anglican Church.
3
brought a complete separation of the church from the English government.
4
instituted large-scale changes in the church’s views of Christ.
2
Huldrych Zwingli believed faith in Christ would lead a person to…
1
reject the politics of the state in favor of following Christ.
2
engage in the politics of the state since church and state were inseparable.
3
actively work against the politics of the state since it was fallen.
4
work with the fallen politics of the state only when it acted like Christ.
2
John Calvin was able to maintain the Son’s ontological status with the Father by saying that…
1
Christ’s condescension into human flesh was a loving decision by both Father and Son.
2
Jesus was not fully the Son until His ascension.
3
Jesus temporarily laid down His ontological status as the divine Son.
4
Christ’s human nature was not real; it only appeared to be real.
1
