Up to Quiz 1

Question 1

What technique would be: rhythmical, predictable, slow rocking movement

Answer 1

linear acceleration (or slow vestibular stimulation)

Question 2

What technique would be: application of moderate/neutral heat to an area of spasticity - slightly warmer than just skin or air, NOT hot

Answer 2

neutral warmth

Question 3

What technique would be: slow, firm stroking from proximal to distal, in a rhytmical and predictable pattern. Pressure is light but deep enough so to not trigger a ticklish response

Answer 3

slow stroking

Question 4

What technique would be: firm pressure over the muscle belly or tendon - can carefully bow the tendon or the muscle belly and/or superior attachment. Using sandbags would be an example of this.

Answer 4

inhibitory pressure

Question 5

What technique would be: maintained pressure or contact - NOT deep or firm pressure, just the weight of your hands. Cue is to have them imagine your hands are melting into their tissue, maintained for 60-90 seconds with diaphragmatic breathing.

Answer 5

maintained touch

Question 6

Proximal to distal, fine vibrations would be considered a ___ technique.

Distal to proximal, coarse vibrations would be considered a ___ technique.

Answer 6

inhibitory

facilitatory

Question 7

What technique would be: use of a soft brush or tissue, anything with a soft texture, used proximal to distal, slow and rhythmically

Answer 7

inhibitory brushing

Question 8

Describe or demonstrate an upper limb flexor synergy.

Answer 8

wrist & elbow flexed
forearm supinated

shoulder externally rotated, abducted, elevated and retracted

Question 9

Describe or demonstrate an upper limb extensor synergy.

Answer 9

everything is opposite to upper limb flexor synergy except the wrist in flexion

wrist flexed
forearm pronated
elbow extended
shoulder adducted, internally rotated, protracted and depressed

Question 10

Describe or demonstrate a lower limb extensor synergy.

Answer 10

toes & ankle plantarflexed
knee extended
hip adducted & internally rotated

kind of like a ballet move/position

Question 11

Describe or demonstrate a lower limb flexor synergy.

Answer 11

toes & ankle dorsiflexed and inverted

knee flexed

hip flexed, abducted and externally rotated

Question 12

Which spinal cord syndrome is fairly rare, d/t hyperextension injury (usually in c/s) and sees upper limbs more affected than lower, loss of propathic sensory loss below injury level

Answer 12

central cord syndrome

Question 13

Which spinal cord syndrome sees loss of: ipsilateral motor function, two point discrimination, proprioception and vibration sensory capacity

AND

contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

Answer 13

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Question 14

Epicritic neurons are found in the ____ tract, protopathic neurons are found in the ___ tract.

Where does each decussate

Answer 14

epicritic: dorsal column -> decussate in medulla
protopathic: spinothalamic tract -> decussate at same level as spinal nerve

Question 15

Which spinal cord syndrome sees: BL loss of motor function, pain, temperature, and crude touch (epicritic ok), and is usually d/t direct trauma/hyperflexion injury?

Answer 15

anterior cord syndrome

Question 16

UMN lesions at or above T12 will result in ___ of distal muscles and ___reflexia

Answer 16

spasticity and hyperreflexia

Question 17

LMN lesions at T12 or below will result in __ of distal muscles and ___reflexia

Answer 17

flaccid (fully or partial) and hyporeflexia (diminished or absent)

Question 18

Mixed spinal cord lesions result in mixed responds, occurring at level…

Answer 18

T12-L1

Question 19

Everyone with cervical spinal cord lesions will have ____. There is a higher incidence of this with incomplete lesions.

Answer 19

spasticity

Question 20

Sudden increases in spasticity may signal a medical problem, such as…

Answer 20

pressure sore, bladder/UTI

Question 21

With spinal cord lesions above __ to __, the person will be dependent on artificial ventilation

Answer 21

C1-C2

Question 22

Define heterotopic ossification:

Answer 22

formation of bone in the muscle or connective tissue after SCI, occurring usually 1-4 months post-injury

Question 23

Define autonomic dysreflexia:

Answer 23

acute episodes of exaggerated sympathetic response - bradycardia, severe HTN, sudden pounding headache, vasospasms and skin pallor, anxiety, sweating, flushed skin

Question 24

When is autonomic dysreflexia usually a risk?

Answer 24

persons with lesions at or above T6, M/C if quadriplegic

Question 25

What triggers autonomic dysreflexia?

Answer 25

primarily by painful or uncomfortable stimuli, especially in the abdomen or pelvic area -> includes a full bladder, muscle spasm, extensive muscle stretch, presence of infection or bed sore.

Question 26

What do you do if autonomic dysreflexia is triggered?

Answer 26

place the client in an upright position with the head raised up to 45 degrees, remove or loosen any tight clothing and noxious stimuli

seek medical attention if it continues

Question 27

What do you need to consider if someone has orthostatic HTN?

Answer 27

positional changes should be slow/gradual or dizziness, pallor, sweating and fainting may occur

Question 28

Prone and supine position are CI’d for SCI patients IF…

Answer 28

diaphragm function is severely compromised

Question 29

Why is massage beneficial even in areas without or with reduced sensation?

Answer 29

maintaining joint/tissue health and integration of the whole body

Question 30

Lower motor neurons originate in the ____ and ___ and directly innervate ____

Answer 30

brainstem and spinal cord, skeletal muscles

Question 31

Define hypokinetic:

Answer 31

diminished power of movement or motor function which may or may not be accompanied by mild paralysis

Question 32

Myotonia
Chorea
Spasticity
and hyperkinetic movement disorders

are all results of…

Answer 32

UMN lesions

Question 33

Spasticity usually involves __ of the upper limb and __ of the lower limb.

Answer 33

flexors of arms, extensors of legs

Question 34

Hypertonicity is usually associated with __ deep reflexes and ___ superficial reflexes.

Answer 34

increased, decreased

Question 35

Define myotonia:

Answer 35

condition in which a muscle or group of muscles does not readily relax after contracting

Question 36

Define chorea:

Answer 36

involuntary, purposeless, rapid motions such as flexing/extending the fingers, raising and lowering the shoulders, or grimacing

appear to be well coordinated and often go along with irritability, emotional instability, weakness, restlessness

Question 37

Paraplegia results from lesions at level __ and below, and quadriplegia at levels _ and above

Answer 37

T2, T1

Question 38

Paraplegia results from lesions at level __ and below, and quadriplegia at levels _ and above

Answer 38

T2, T1

Question 39

Approximation facilitates ___ of a ___ joint

Answer 39

extension of a flexed joint

Question 40

Heterotopic ossification occurs in __ %SCI patients

Answer 40

20% or 1/5

Question 41

What roods technique is this?

rapid fingertip tapotement over the muscle belly

Answer 41

quick stretch

Question 42

What roods technique is this?

rest the weight of your hand very gently on the patient’s forearm and ask them to really think about doing or imagine themselves completing a bicep curl. you will feel a tremor if you’re using too much pressure.

Answer 42

resistance

Question 43

What does traction facilitate?

Answer 43

flexion

Question 44

What roods technique is this:

lightly stroke the muscle belly manually or with ice, from distal to proximal

Answer 44

light touch

Question 45

In order for vibrations to be facilitatory, they would need to be __ and __

Answer 45

distal to proximal and coarse

Question 46

Define manual contact:

Answer 46

firm, deep pressure applied with the hands on an area of the body

Question 47

Differentiate manual contact from maintained touch from inhibitory pressure

Answer 47

Manual contact: deep, firm pressure to a specific area of the body

Maintained touch: maintained pressure or contact - very light

Inhibitory pressure: firm, long held pressure

Question 48

CI’s for spasticity include…

Answer 48

no heat
no facilitatory tqs
no overpowering the pt

Question 49

CI’s for flaccid tissue include…

Answer 49

extreme temperatures that cannot be sensed, too deep of pressure, inhibitory tqs, overpowering the pt, stretching