Final Exam Prep (Written)

Question 1

Describe an upper limb flexor synergy

Answer 1

Wrist & elbow flexion
Forearm supination
Shoulder ER & abduction
Scapular retraction & elevation

Question 2

Describe an upper limb extensor synergy

Answer 2

Wrist flexion & elbow extension
Forearm pronation
Shoulder adduction & IR
Scapular depression & protraction

Question 3

Describe a lower limb flexor synergy

Answer 3

Toe extension
Ankle dorsiflexion & inversion
Knee flexion
Hip flexion, abd & ER

Question 4

Describe a lower limb extensor synergy

Answer 4

Toe flexion & ankle plantarflexion
Knee extension
Hip adduction & IR

Question 5

With SCI, paraplegia is defined as injuries at the level of __ and below

Answer 5

T2

Question 6

With SCI, quadriplegia is defined as injury at the level of _ and above.

Answer 6

T1

Question 7

Brown-Sequard syndrome will see ipsilateral loss of:

Answer 7

motor function and epicritic sensation

Question 8

Differentiate epicritic vs. protopathic sensation:

Answer 8

Epicritic: fine touch discrimination, conscious proprioception, vibration
Protopathic: heat, cold, pain, coarse stimuli

Question 9

What is the typical MOI for central cord syndromes?

Answer 9

hyperextension (usually c/spine)

Question 10

With anterior cord syndrome, ____ sensory ability will be maintained.

Answer 10

epicritic/fine, discriminative touch

Question 11

What is the most common form of MS? Which type affects men & women equally?

Answer 11

M/C: RRMS (75%)

Primary-Progressive affects men & women equally

Question 12

Benign MS is a subtype of which kind? What differentiates it?

Answer 12

RRMS - remission is almost complete after relapses!

Question 13

Differentiate the 5 stages of Parkinson’s

Answer 13

1: unilateral S&S
2: bilateral S&S, balance not yet affected
3: balance affected, freezing phenomenon. gait & balance impaired
4: severe bradykinesia, ADL assistance required
5: functional independence lost, full systemic rigidity

Question 14

Which grade(s) of concussion will have had a LoC?

Answer 14

only grade 3

Question 15

Which of Brunnstrom’s stages will see maximum contraction of all mm in the synergy?

Answer 15

stage 3

Question 16

Which Brunnstrom’s stages do not see spasticity?

Answer 16

Stage 1, and stage 7 (little to no indication of spasticity)

Question 17

ALS is usually fatal ___ years post-dx

Answer 17

3-6

Question 18

Which cord syndrome usually sees unaffected lower limbs and can be mistaken for a stroke?

Answer 18

Central

Question 19

Anterior cord injury can be fatal if the ___ is injured

Answer 19

anterior spinal artery

Question 20

Huntington’s disease sees overstimulation of the ___ pathway

Answer 20

thalamocortical

Question 21

With Huntington’s, which brain regions are atrophied?

Answer 21

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 22

With Huntington’s, the ventricles ___ and the overall brain size decreases by __%

Answer 22

enlarge

20%

Question 23

What kind of diet might people with Huntington’s be prescribed?

Answer 23

extremely high calorie, to prevent cachexia (mm wasting)

Question 24

Huntington’s usually results in death within __ years

Answer 24

20

Question 25

__% of cases of ALS are familial

Answer 25

10%

Question 26

The most prominent loss of neurons occurs in the ___ of the spinal cord with ALS

Answer 26

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 27

Brain lesions are seen in the MRIs of __% of patients with MS

Answer 27

80