Unusual Bacteria, fungi and other shit

Question 1

Actinomycetales

Answer 1

Look filamentous/fungal like
Aerobic:
   Mycobacterium
   Nocardia
Anaerobic:
   Actinomyces

Question 2

Mycobacterium cell walls

Answer 2

Mycolic acids- give waxy outer coat and AF properties
Arabinogalactan
These provide resistance.

Question 3

Mycoplasma spp.

Answer 3

No cell wall- have sterols in membrane instead.

Question 4

Chlamyidia and RIckettsia

Answer 4

Obligate intracellular (like viruses)
Can’t be cultured on lab media
Dont gram stain normally

Question 5

General features of fungi

Answer 5

Unicellular
Eukaryotes
Ergosterol in phospholipid bilayer (aka CM)
No PDG but has chitin (homopolymer of NAG) in wall instead
70S ribos
Circuar genome
dsDNA with >1 chromosome

Question 6

Mycelium

Answer 6

mat of hyphae

Question 7

Fungal growth

Answer 7

via hyphal tip extension

enzymes are released from tip, digest nutrients around it– synthesize new cell wall.

Question 8

What triggers dimorphism in fungi?

Answer 8

Environmental conditions

Question 9

What type of fungi are normally opportunistic?

Answer 9

The always monomorphic ones

Question 10

Fungi that produce spores by asexual process (mitosis only)

Answer 10

Sporangiospores

Conidiospores

Question 11

Fungi that produce spores by sexual process (meiosis)

Answer 11

Ascospores

Basidiospores

Question 12

3 types of Fungal replication

Answer 12

1- Production of Spores (sexual and asexual)
2- Budding (for yeast only- will see budding scars under microscope)
3- Hyphal fragmentation

Question 13

Fungi stain

Answer 13

via KOH prep– dissolves protein (Keratin) and debris, makes the fungi easier to see

Question 14

Sabouraud’s agar

Answer 14

used to culture fungi- saprophytic agar