Untitled spreadsheet - Sheet1 (4) Flashcards
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the only form of useable chemical energy in the body.
What is the primary source of energy for muscle contractions in the body?
One molecule of adenosine and three (tri) phosphates.
What is the composition of ATP?
Enzymes break down ATP into adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate.
How is ATP broken down to release energy?
The only usable form of energy in the body.
Define adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The aerobic system, The ATP-PC system, The anaerobic glycolytic system.
What are the 3 energy systems involved in ATP resynthesis?
ATP-PC system: Higher intensity activities, Aerobic system: Lower intensity and longer duration activities.
What energy systems do individuals rely on based on activity intensity and duration?
A process converting glucose to pyruvate for energy production.
Define glycolysis.
Fluid around the nucleus of a muscle fiber where anaerobic respiration occurs.
Define sarcoplasm.
A series of chemical reactions using oxygen in the mitochondrion matrix.
Define Krebs cycle.
Intesity is low and o2 content is high
Glucose breakdown produces CO2 and water.
yields 38 ATP.
Amino acids can be broken down.
Fat and protein metabolism products enter Krebs cycle as acetyl coenzyme A.
What are some key points about the aerobic energy system?
Name=Glycolysis
How does stage 1 of the aerobic system work?
Name=Krebs cycle
How does stage 2 of the aerobic system work?
Carbon and hydrogen are given off
What is oxidative carboxylation?
A series of chemical reactions in the cristae of the mitochondria where hydrogen is oxidised to water and 34 ATP are produced
What is the electron transport chain?
Name=Electron transport chain
How does stage 3 of the aerobic system work?
Glycerol to pyruvate
What is beta oxidation?
More ATP can be made from one molecule of fatty acids than one molecule of glucose
Why are fatty acids better than glucose in the aerobic system?
Pros: More ATP produced (36) No fatiguing by products Lots of glycogen stores so last for a long time Cons: 15% more oxygen required to break down than glycogen Takes a while for enough oxygen to be available
What are the pros and cons of the aerobic system?
An energy-rich phosphate compound form in the sarcoplasm of the muscles
What is Phosphocreatine (PC)?
Facts about ATP-PC system
Quick breakdown and release of energy to resynthesise ATP. Rapid availability crucial for single maximal movements. Limited stores lasting 5-8 seconds, replenished during low intensity work with oxygen.
Anaerobic
Occurs without oxygen.
Coupled Reaction
When energy needed for one process is supplied by another.
How ATP-PC system provides energy
Anaerobic process re-synthesising ATP when creatine kinase detects high ADP levels. Breaks down phosphocreatine in muscles.
Pros and Cons of ATP-PC system
Pros: Rapid resynthesis, no fatiguing byproducts, creatine supplementation extends usability. Cons: Limited PC supply (10 seconds), 1 ATP per PC, PC resynthesis needs oxygen.
ADP Reaction
Phosphocreatine (PC) > Phosphate (Pi) + Creatine (C) + Energy
Energy used to convert ADP to ATP
Coupled reaction
ATP Reaction Formula
Energy + Pi + ADP > ATP
Short-term Lactate Anaerobic System
Produces high-powered energy for high-intensity efforts like the 400m.
Short-term Lactate Anaerobic System also known as
Anaerobic glycolytic system
Provides energy for high intensity activity for longer than ATP-PC system. Duration varies based on individual fitness and intensity. Lowering intensity can extend system to 2-3 minutes. Resynthesizes ATP from glucose breakdown, stored in muscles/liver as glycogen.
How does the anaerobic glycolytic system work?
Glycogen
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glucose
Phosphofruictikinase
2 ATP
Pyruvate
Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate
PH, acidity, denature, fatigue -OBLA
What are the stages of anaerobic glycolysis?
How does the anaerobic glycolytic system work to provide energy?
How does the anaerobic glycolytic system work to provide energy?
Lack of oxygen
Why is lactic acid produced?
