Untitled Deck Flashcards
What are the macronutrients?
Macronutrients include:
* Carbohydrates (for energy)
* Proteins (for muscle repair and enzymes)
* Fats (for cell function and energy storage)
Macronutrients are essential nutrients required in large amounts for proper body function.
What are the micronutrients?
Micronutrients include:
* Vitamins (e.g., Vitamin C for immunity, Vitamin D for bones)
* Minerals (e.g., Iron for oxygen transport, Calcium for bones)
Micronutrients are essential nutrients required in smaller amounts for various bodily functions.
Why is water essential for the body?
Water is essential for hydration, digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation.
It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis.
What is the role of oxygen in the body?
Oxygen is needed for respiration to produce energy (ATP) in cells.
It is vital for cellular metabolism.
How does exercise affect the body?
Exercise strengthens muscles, heart, and bones while improving circulation and mental health.
Regular physical activity has numerous health benefits.
What are the benefits of sleep?
Sleep helps with brain function, muscle repair, and hormone regulation.
Adequate sleep is crucial for overall health.
What does hormonal balance regulate?
Hormonal balance regulates metabolism, growth, stress response, and reproductive health.
Hormones are chemical messengers that influence various bodily functions.
What is the importance of proper digestion and gut health?
A healthy gut microbiome supports immunity, digestion, and overall well-being.
Gut health is linked to many aspects of physical and mental health.
What contributes to mental and emotional well-being?
Stress management, social interactions, and a healthy mindset contribute to overall health.
Mental health is just as important as physical health.
What is detoxification and waste removal?
Detoxification and waste removal involve the liver, kidneys, lungs, and skin to eliminate toxins from the body.
These organs play a critical role in maintaining internal cleanliness.
Define cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose (or other molecules) to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
It can be aerobic (with oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen).
What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration is the process where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
The equation is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP.
What is anaerobic respiration in humans?
Anaerobic respiration in humans converts glucose into lactic acid and ATP, occurring during intense exercise when oxygen is scarce.
This process results in less energy compared to aerobic respiration.
What is breathing?
Breathing (ventilation) is the mechanical process of taking in oxygen-rich air and expelling carbon dioxide-rich air from the lungs.
It involves both inhalation and exhalation.
What happens during inhalation?
During inhalation, the diaphragm and rib muscles contract, causing the lungs to expand and air to enter.
This is an active process.
What happens during exhalation?
During exhalation, the diaphragm and rib muscles relax, causing the lungs to shrink and air to exit.
This is a passive process.
What is gas exchange?
Gas exchange is the process where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs.
This occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
What are alveoli?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs at the ends of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
Their structure allows for efficient diffusion of gases.
What is the function of capillaries in the respiratory system?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels surrounding the alveoli, allowing efficient gas exchange by carrying oxygenated blood away from the lungs and bringing deoxygenated blood for gas exchange.
Their thin walls facilitate this process.
What is the diaphragm’s role in breathing?
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts during inhalation and relaxes during exhalation, aiding in breathing.
It is a key muscle in the respiratory process.
What is the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system pumps blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing waste like carbon dioxide.
It is also known as the circulatory system.
What are the main parts of the cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system consists of:
* The Heart (the pump)
* The Blood Vessels (the transport tubes)
* The Blood (the transport fluid)
Each part plays a crucial role in circulation.
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and have thick walls to handle high pressure.
They are crucial for maintaining blood flow.
What is the function of veins?
Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and have thin walls with valves to prevent backward flow.
They are essential for returning blood to the heart.
What are capillaries?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing gases and nutrients to pass in and out of cells.
Their thin walls facilitate efficient exchange.
What is the double circulatory system?
The double circulatory system includes:
* Pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs)
* Systemic circulation (heart to the rest of the body)
This system ensures efficient oxygenation and nutrient delivery.
What are the short-term effects of exercise on the body?
Short-term effects of exercise include:
* Increased pulse rate and breathing rate
* More oxygen delivery to muscles
* More carbon dioxide removal from the body
These effects help support physical activity.
What are the long-term effects of regular exercise?
Long-term effects of regular exercise include:
* Lower resting heart rate
* Stronger heart muscle
* Better oxygen use by the body
Regular exercise improves overall cardiovascular health.
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) occurs when coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked due to fatty deposits (plaques), a process known as atherosclerosis.
It can lead to serious health complications.
What are the effects of CHD on the body?
Effects of CHD include:
* Reduced blood flow to the heart
* Angina (chest pain)
* Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
* Heart failure
These conditions can significantly impact quality of life.
What factors increase the risk of CHD?
Factors that increase the risk of CHD include:
* Poor diet
* Lack of exercise
* Smoking
* High blood pressure
* High cholesterol
* Obesity
* Diabetes
* Stress
* Genetics
* Age & gender
Understanding these factors can help in prevention.
What does the muscular system provide for fitness?
The muscular system provides strength and movement.
It is essential for all physical activities.
What is strength?
Strength is the ability of muscles to apply force.
It is a key component of physical fitness.
What is stamina (endurance)?
Stamina (endurance) is the ability to keep going without getting tired.
It is important for activities that require prolonged effort.
What is suppleness (flexibility)?
Suppleness (flexibility) is the ability of joints to move easily.
It is crucial for preventing injuries and improving performance.
What is speed?
Speed is how fast someone can move.
It is a critical factor in many sports and physical activities.
What is reaction time?
Reaction time is how quickly someone responds to a signal.
It is important in many athletic and everyday situations.
