Untitled Deck

Question 1

What minerals affect bone growth and remodeling?

Answer 1

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, fluoride, manganese.

Question 2

Which vitamins are important for bone health?

Answer 2

Vitamins A, C, D, K, and B12.

Question 3

What hormones influence bone growth?

Answer 3

IGFs (stimulated by GH), T3 and T4, sex hormones (estrogen in females, testosterone in males).

Question 4

What is a fracture?

Answer 4

A fracture is a break in a bone.

Question 5

What are the phases of bone healing?

Answer 5

Reactive Phase, Reparative Phase, Bone Remodeling Phase.

Question 6

What is an Open/Compound fracture?

Answer 6

The broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin.

Question 7

What is a Comminuted fracture?

Answer 7

The bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact.

Question 8

What is a Greenstick fracture?

Answer 8

A partial fracture where one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends.

Question 9

What is an Impacted fracture?

Answer 9

One end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other.

Question 10

What is a Pott fracture?

Answer 10

Fracture of the distal end of the fibula, may include injury of the distal tibial articulation.

Question 11

What is a Colles fracture?

Answer 11

Fracture of the distal end of the radius where the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly.

Question 12

What is a Vertebral Compression Fracture (VCF)?

Answer 12

One or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape.

Question 13

What is the role of bones in calcium homeostasis?

Answer 13

Bones store 99% of the body’s calcium and regulate calcium levels.

Question 14

What happens when calcium levels drop?

Answer 14

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is stimulated, increasing bone resorption and releasing calcium.

Question 15

What does calcitonin (CT) do?

Answer 15

CT inhibits osteoclast activity and accelerates deposition of calcium into bone.

Question 16

What is Osteoporosis?

Answer 16

A skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mass and increased fragility.

Question 17

What causes Osteoporosis?

Answer 17

Can occur due to endocrine disorders, diabetes, anorexia, and is often associated with aging.

Question 18

What demographics are most affected by Osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Women are affected more than men at a ratio of 4:1, with 30% of postmenopausal women at risk.

Question 19

What are controllable risk factors for Osteoporosis?

Answer 19

Hormone levels, calcium & Vitamin D levels, medications, lifestyle, diet, cigarette & alcohol use.

Question 20

What are non-controllable risk factors for Osteoporosis?

Answer 20

Gender, age, body size, ethnicity, family history.

Question 21

What are clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis?

Answer 21

No early symptoms, but X-rays may show collapsed vertebrae and thinning.

Question 22

What are treatment considerations for Osteoporosis?

Answer 22

Medications, hormone replacement therapy, severity of pathology, and risk of fractures.

Question 23

What massage position is recommended for Osteoporosis treatment?

Answer 23

Supine with pillows placed lengthwise to support the spine.

Question 24

What techniques are used in massage treatment for Osteoporosis?

Answer 24

SRT, SFT, Petrissage, NM with light-moderate pressure.