Untitled Deck Flashcards
What are colligative properties?
Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute particles, rather than the type of particles.
What are the types of colligative properties?
The types of colligative properties include vapor-pressure depression, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.
What is vapor-pressure depression?
Vapor-pressure depression is the decrease in vapor pressure of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.
How does a solute affect vapor pressure?
When a solute is added to a solvent, it occupies space at the surface of the solvent, making it more difficult for solvent molecules to enter the vapor phase, resulting in decreased vapor pressure.
What is Raoult’s Law?
Raoult’s Law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
P = X P
What is boiling point elevation?
Boiling point elevation is the increase in boiling point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.
How does a solute affect boiling point?
When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, it increases the boiling point of the solution because it lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent.
What is the boiling point elevation formula?
T = k b i m
where T is the change in boiling point, k is the boiling point elevation constant, i is the vant Hoff factor, and m is the molality of the solution.
What is freezing point depression?
Freezing point depression is the decrease in freezing point of a solvent due to the presence of a solute.
How does a solute affect freezing point?
When a solute is added to a solvent, it interferes with the arrangement of the solvent molecules, making it more difficult for them to form a crystal lattice, resulting in decreased freezing point.
What is the freezing point depression formula?
T = -k f i m
where T is the change in freezing point, k is the freezing point depression constant, i is the vant Hoff factor, and m is the molality of the solution.
What is osmotic pressure?
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop osmosis from occurring.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
What is the osmotic pressure formula?
= i M R T
where is the osmotic pressure, i is the vant Hoff factor, M is the molarity of the solution, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
