Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Solutions > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a mixture in which the solute (minor component) is uniformly distributed within the solvent (major component).

Example: Salt water is a solution in which salt (solute) is dissolved in water (solvent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the concentration of a solution indicate?

A

The concentration of a solution tells you how much solute is dissolved in the solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an unsaturated solution?

A

An unsaturated solution has less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

A supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature and pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is solubility?

A

Solubility describes the ability of a substance to be dissolved, especially in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three categories of solutes?

A
  1. Strong Electrolytes: fully dissociate in water.
  2. Weak Electrolytes: incompletely dissociate in water.
  3. Non-Electrolytes: do not dissociate in water.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the solubility rules for solids and gases?

A

Solids are more soluble at higher temperatures. Gases are more soluble at lower temperatures and more soluble at higher pressures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is spectrophotometry?

A

Spectrophotometry is a method that measures how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through a sample solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Beer’s Law state?

A

A = lc, where A = absorbance, l = path length, c = concentration of solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is polarity?

A

Polarity occurs when compounds have a difference in electronegativities between the elements of the compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

A polar molecule has a net dipole moment, meaning it has a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of polar molecules?

A

Examples of polar molecules include: Water (H2O), Hydrogen chloride (HCl), Ammonia (NH3).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a non-polar molecule?

A

A non-polar molecule does not have a net dipole moment, meaning it does not have a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are examples of non-polar molecules?

A

Examples of non-polar molecules include: Hydrogen gas (H2), Oxygen gas (O2), Nitrogen gas (N2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are intermolecular forces?

A

Intermolecular forces are the attractive and repulsive forces between molecules.

17
Q

What are the types of intermolecular forces?

A
  1. London Dispersion Forces: Weak forces from temporary dipoles.
  2. Dipole-Dipole Interactions: Medium-strength forces between polar molecules.
  3. Hydrogen Bonding: Strong forces between hydrogen and electronegative atoms.
18
Q

What does ‘like dissolves like’ mean?

A

‘Like dissolves like’ is a principle stating that polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar solutes.

19
Q

What are pure substances?

A

A pure substance is a sample of matter with a definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties.

20
Q

What are mixtures?

A

A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances.

21
Q

What is molarity?

A

Molarity is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per liter of solution.

22
Q

What is molality?

A

Molality is the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

23
Q

What is dilution?

A

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent.

24
Q

What is the dilution equation?

A

The dilution equation is M1V1 = M2V2.

25
Q

What is normality?

A

Normality is the concentration of a solution in terms of the number of equivalents of a chemical species that reacts stoichiometrically with another chemical species.

26
Q

What is mole fraction?

A

Mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture.

27
Q

What are colligative properties?

A

Colligative properties depend on the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not on the identity of the solute itself.

28
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Surface tension is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.

29
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

30
Q

What is boiling point elevation?

A

The boiling point of a solution is elevated due to the presence of solute particles.

Solutions (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions