Untitled 1 COPY Flashcards

1
Q

Apply foundational knowledge, critical thinking skills and clinical decision making to a simulated or real clinical scenario

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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2
Q

Calculate the alveolar pO2 (pAO2) using the simplified alveolar-air equation, and use this to calculate the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a DO2)

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

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3
Q

Compare the histology of normal airways (bronchi and bronchioles) to asthmatic airways and describe the basic histopathological changes associated with asthma

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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4
Q

Define oxygen partial pressure, % hemoglobin saturation, oxygen content and oxygen delivery as they pertain to arterial blood

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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5
Q

Define pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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6
Q

Define pneumonia and describe its etiology and pathology

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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7
Q

Define risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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8
Q

Define the key anatomic components of the ventilatory pump

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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9
Q

Define the terms empiric and targeted antimicrobial therapy, broad-spectrum and narrow spectrum therapy

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

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10
Q

Demonstrate professional behaviour particularly in regards to appropriate response to feedback, appearance, communication, confidentiality, boundaries, honesty and respect in clinical and non-clinical learning environments

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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11
Q

Describe an approach to antibiotic treatment in bacterial pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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12
Q

Describe an approach to the management of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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13
Q

Describe both the beneficial and detrimental relationship between microbes and their human hosts

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

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14
Q

Describe clinical features by history and examination of a patient with pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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15
Q

Describe how a hypothesis driven history and physical findings can support different diagnoses

A

Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)

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16
Q

Describe how the shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve influences the uptake and delivery of oxygen

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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17
Q

Describe how the unique structure of mycobacteria influences its diagnosis and management

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

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18
Q

Describe how to investigate and confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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19
Q

Describe the ‘Host-Bug-Drug’ triad

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

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20
Q

Describe the anatomy of the pleural cavities, in particular the clinical relevance of the division between visceral and parietal pleura and the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

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21
Q

Describe the basic histopathological changes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and relate those changes to problems with gas exchange

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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22
Q

Describe the basic neural control of alveolar ventilation

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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23
Q

Describe the basic structure of viruses

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

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24
Q

Describe the bifurcation of the trachea and how the airway branches into the lungs

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

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25
Describe the clinical presentation of pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
26
Describe the complications of pneumonia
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
27
Describe the components, divisions and extent of the pleural cavities and the mediastinum
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
28
Describe the course of an intercostal nerve bundle and relate this to the clinical approach of inserting chest drains
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
29
Describe the definition and classification of pneumonia
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
30
Describe the epidemiology of pneumonia
CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning
31
Describe the histological features of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory
32
Describe the histological organization of respiratory bronchioles, pulmonary alveoli and the alveolar septa
Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory
33
Describe the histological organization of the respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli
Upper and Lower AirwaysLecture
34
Describe the histology of the respiratory epithelium and relate its structure to function
Upper and Lower AirwaysLecture
35
Describe the histology of the respiratory epithelium characteristic of the conducting airways, and relate this structure to function
Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory
36
Describe the important epidemiological aspects of pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
37
Describe the laboratory diagnosis of various types of pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
38
Describe the major anatomical divisions of the mediastinum
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
39
Describe the major categories of microbes that cause disease in humans
Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture
40
Describe the mechanism of action and clinical uses of Tetracyclines, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones
Introduction to AntibioticsLecture
41
Describe the mechanism of action, clinical uses and major bacterial resistance mechanisms of the B-lactam class
Introduction to AntibioticsLecture
42
Describe the mechanisms of CO2 transport in arterial blood
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
43
Describe the microbiological tests that assist in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, including the sensitivity and specificity of each
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture
44
Describe the most common causes of immune system failure
Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture
45
Describe the pathogenesis of pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
46
Describe the pathology of tuberculosis
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
47
Describe the pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture
48
Describe the pathophysiology of respiratory virus infection using influenza and adenovirus as examples
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture
49
Describe the patient's presenting problem
Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)
50
Describe the process of normal inspiration and expiration, particularly with reference to changes in intra-pleural and intra-alveolar pressures
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
51
Describe the prognosis of pneumonia
CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning
52
Describe the role of alveolar surface tension forces in atelectasis (i.e. alveolar collapse) and the role of pulmonary surfactant in preventing this
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
53
Describe the steps of viral replication
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture
54
Describe the varying radiological appearance of pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
55
Determine the cardiothoracic ratio and discuss its clinical significance
Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture
56
Discuss approaches to palliative care of a patient with pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
57
Discuss end of life issues
CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning
58
Discuss the advantages of a longitudinal relationship with a primary care provider, with particular focus on chronic disease management and advance care planning
CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning
59
Discuss the clinical importance of the origin and course of the phrenic nerves
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
60
Discuss the clinical importance of the pleural cavities rising above the level of the first rib
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
61
Distinguish between lobar and bronchopneumonia
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
62
Distinguish between the following terms: minute, alveolar and dead space ventilation; and anatomic, alveolar and physiologic dead space
Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture
63
Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve showing the relationships between PaO2 and hemoglobin saturation
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
64
Evaluate technical factors required for an adequate interpretation of a chest radiograph, including penetration, inspiration and rotation
Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture
65
Explain the local and systemic complications of pneumonia
CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning
66
Explain the location of the intercostal nerve bundle as it relates to intercostal nerve blocks and the insertion of chest drains
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
67
Explain the mechanisms of each of the five causes of hypoxemia
Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture
68
Explain the role of the peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the responses to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
69
Identify static lung volumes and capacities on a spirogram and describe how the balance between the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall determines the functional residual capacity (FRC)
Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture
70
Identify the bifurcation of the trachea and the vertebral level at which this occurs
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
71
Identify the main anatomical features of the right and left lungs
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
72
Identify the main anatomical features of the thorax on a frontal chest radiograph, including the lungs, the mediastinum, the upper abdomen, the pleural margins, bony landmarks and soft tissue shadows
Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture
73
Identify the major anatomical features of the left and right lungs
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
74
List and classify the common organisms causing pneumonia
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
75
List the antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of resistant bacteria
Introduction to AntibioticsLecture
76
List the common causes of pneumonia by etiological agent, host demographics and site of acquisition
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
77
List the complications of pneumonia and outline their clinical correlations
Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning
78
List the different bacterial organisms that cause pneumonia in normal and compromised hosts
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture
79
List the key steps microbes must perform to cause disease in humans
Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture
80
List the major bacterial targets and classes of antibiotics
Introduction to AntibioticsLecture
81
List the major defenses humans have evolved or created against infection including the immune system, antimicrobials, vaccines and hygiene
Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture
82
List the natural flora of the respiratory tract and the pathogenesis of common bacterial pneumonias
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture
83
List the predisposing causes of pneumonia
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
84
List the structures that pass to and from a lung via the hilus, and describe the relationship of the phrenic and vagus nerves to the hilus
Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture
85
Name the factors that affect diffusive transport of a gas from alveolar air to pulmonary capillary blood and discuss how these relate to the diffusing capacity of the lungs
Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture
86
Practice the above using a CBL case
Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)
87
Recognize the cells in the structure of the alveolus
Pathology of PneumoniaLecture
88
Recognize the classic signs and symptoms of infection
Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture
89
Relate the anatomy of the thorax to frontal and lateral chest radiographs
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
90
Relate the superior extent of the pleural cavities as they rise above the first rib to a careful clinical approach when inserting needles into this region
Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory
91
Relate the ultra-structural features of the alveolar-capillary barrier to its function in gas exchange
Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory
92
State and justify an appropriate antimicrobial agent and duration of therapy for both community acquired and nosocomial pneumonia based on host
Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture
93
State the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli, mixed venous and arterial blood in normal individuals
Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture
94
Use the CDM grid to help organize your thinking about making a diagnosis
Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)
95
Using the alveolar ventilation equation, discuss the factors that determine the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli and define the terms hyperventilation and hypoventilation
Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture