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Untitled 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Apply foundational knowledge, critical thinking skills and clinical decision making to a simulated or real clinical scenario

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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2
Q

Calculate the alveolar pO2 (pAO2) using the simplified alveolar-air equation, and use this to calculate the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-a DO2)

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

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3
Q

Compare the histology of normal airways (bronchi and bronchioles) to asthmatic airways and describe the basic histopathological changes associated with asthma

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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4
Q

Define oxygen partial pressure, % hemoglobin saturation, oxygen content and oxygen delivery as they pertain to arterial blood

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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5
Q

Define pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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6
Q

Define pneumonia and describe its etiology and pathology

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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7
Q

Define risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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8
Q

Define the key anatomic components of the ventilatory pump

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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9
Q

Define the terms empiric and targeted antimicrobial therapy, broad-spectrum and narrow spectrum therapy

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

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10
Q

Demonstrate professional behaviour particularly in regards to appropriate response to feedback, appearance, communication, confidentiality, boundaries, honesty and respect in clinical and non-clinical learning environments

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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11
Q

Describe an approach to antibiotic treatment in bacterial pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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12
Q

Describe an approach to the management of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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13
Q

Describe both the beneficial and detrimental relationship between microbes and their human hosts

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

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14
Q

Describe clinical features by history and examination of a patient with pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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15
Q

Describe how a hypothesis driven history and physical findings can support different diagnoses

A

Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)

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16
Q

Describe how the shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve influences the uptake and delivery of oxygen

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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17
Q

Describe how the unique structure of mycobacteria influences its diagnosis and management

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

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18
Q

Describe how to investigate and confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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19
Q

Describe the ‘Host-Bug-Drug’ triad

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

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20
Q

Describe the anatomy of the pleural cavities, in particular the clinical relevance of the division between visceral and parietal pleura and the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

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21
Q

Describe the basic histopathological changes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and relate those changes to problems with gas exchange

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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22
Q

Describe the basic neural control of alveolar ventilation

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

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23
Q

Describe the basic structure of viruses

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

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24
Q

Describe the bifurcation of the trachea and how the airway branches into the lungs

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

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25
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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26
Q

Describe the complications of pneumonia

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

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27
Q

Describe the components, divisions and extent of the pleural cavities and the mediastinum

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

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28
Q

Describe the course of an intercostal nerve bundle and relate this to the clinical approach of inserting chest drains

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

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29
Q

Describe the definition and classification of pneumonia

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

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30
Q

Describe the epidemiology of pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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31
Q

Describe the histological features of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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32
Q

Describe the histological organization of respiratory bronchioles, pulmonary alveoli and the alveolar septa

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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33
Q

Describe the histological organization of the respiratory bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli

A

Upper and Lower AirwaysLecture

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34
Q

Describe the histology of the respiratory epithelium and relate its structure to function

A

Upper and Lower AirwaysLecture

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35
Q

Describe the histology of the respiratory epithelium characteristic of the conducting airways, and relate this structure to function

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

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36
Q

Describe the important epidemiological aspects of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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37
Q

Describe the laboratory diagnosis of various types of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

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38
Q

Describe the major anatomical divisions of the mediastinum

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

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39
Q

Describe the major categories of microbes that cause disease in humans

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

40
Q

Describe the mechanism of action and clinical uses of Tetracyclines, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

41
Q

Describe the mechanism of action, clinical uses and major bacterial resistance mechanisms of the B-lactam class

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

42
Q

Describe the mechanisms of CO2 transport in arterial blood

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

43
Q

Describe the microbiological tests that assist in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia, including the sensitivity and specificity of each

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture

44
Q

Describe the most common causes of immune system failure

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

45
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

46
Q

Describe the pathology of tuberculosis

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

47
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

48
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of respiratory virus infection using influenza and adenovirus as examples

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

49
Q

Describe the patient’s presenting problem

A

Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)

50
Q

Describe the process of normal inspiration and expiration, particularly with reference to changes in intra-pleural and intra-alveolar pressures

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

51
Q

Describe the prognosis of pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

52
Q

Describe the role of alveolar surface tension forces in atelectasis (i.e. alveolar collapse) and the role of pulmonary surfactant in preventing this

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

53
Q

Describe the steps of viral replication

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 2Lecture

54
Q

Describe the varying radiological appearance of pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

55
Q

Determine the cardiothoracic ratio and discuss its clinical significance

A

Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture

56
Q

Discuss approaches to palliative care of a patient with pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

57
Q

Discuss end of life issues

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

58
Q

Discuss the advantages of a longitudinal relationship with a primary care provider, with particular focus on chronic disease management and advance care planning

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

59
Q

Discuss the clinical importance of the origin and course of the phrenic nerves

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

60
Q

Discuss the clinical importance of the pleural cavities rising above the level of the first rib

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

61
Q

Distinguish between lobar and bronchopneumonia

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

62
Q

Distinguish between the following terms: minute, alveolar and dead space ventilation; and anatomic, alveolar and physiologic dead space

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

63
Q

Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve showing the relationships between PaO2 and hemoglobin saturation

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

64
Q

Evaluate technical factors required for an adequate interpretation of a chest radiograph, including penetration, inspiration and rotation

A

Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture

65
Q

Explain the local and systemic complications of pneumonia

A

CBL - Pneumonia / Cough - Tutorial 1Case-Based Instruction/Learning

66
Q

Explain the location of the intercostal nerve bundle as it relates to intercostal nerve blocks and the insertion of chest drains

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

67
Q

Explain the mechanisms of each of the five causes of hypoxemia

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

68
Q

Explain the role of the peripheral and central chemoreceptors in the responses to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

69
Q

Identify static lung volumes and capacities on a spirogram and describe how the balance between the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall determines the functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

Ventilation, Control of Breathing and Blood Gas Transport - Part 1Lecture

70
Q

Identify the bifurcation of the trachea and the vertebral level at which this occurs

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

71
Q

Identify the main anatomical features of the right and left lungs

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

72
Q

Identify the main anatomical features of the thorax on a frontal chest radiograph, including the lungs, the mediastinum, the upper abdomen, the pleural margins, bony landmarks and soft tissue shadows

A

Imaging of the Normal ThoraxLecture

73
Q

Identify the major anatomical features of the left and right lungs

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

74
Q

List and classify the common organisms causing pneumonia

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

75
Q

List the antibiotics that are commonly used in the treatment of resistant bacteria

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

76
Q

List the common causes of pneumonia by etiological agent, host demographics and site of acquisition

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

77
Q

List the complications of pneumonia and outline their clinical correlations

A

Management of Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12);Demonstration;Conference;Case-Based Instruction/Learning

78
Q

List the different bacterial organisms that cause pneumonia in normal and compromised hosts

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture

79
Q

List the key steps microbes must perform to cause disease in humans

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

80
Q

List the major bacterial targets and classes of antibiotics

A

Introduction to AntibioticsLecture

81
Q

List the major defenses humans have evolved or created against infection including the immune system, antimicrobials, vaccines and hygiene

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

82
Q

List the natural flora of the respiratory tract and the pathogenesis of common bacterial pneumonias

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture

83
Q

List the predisposing causes of pneumonia

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

84
Q

List the structures that pass to and from a lung via the hilus, and describe the relationship of the phrenic and vagus nerves to the hilus

A

Anatomy of the Thorax - Pleural Cavities, Thoracic Walls and LungsLecture

85
Q

Name the factors that affect diffusive transport of a gas from alveolar air to pulmonary capillary blood and discuss how these relate to the diffusing capacity of the lungs

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

86
Q

Practice the above using a CBL case

A

Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)

87
Q

Recognize the cells in the structure of the alveolus

A

Pathology of PneumoniaLecture

88
Q

Recognize the classic signs and symptoms of infection

A

Introduction to Infectious DiseasesLecture

89
Q

Relate the anatomy of the thorax to frontal and lateral chest radiographs

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

90
Q

Relate the superior extent of the pleural cavities as they rise above the first rib to a careful clinical approach when inserting needles into this region

A

Dissection of Thoracic Walls, Pleural Cavities and LungsLaboratory

91
Q

Relate the ultra-structural features of the alveolar-capillary barrier to its function in gas exchange

A

Upper and Lower Airways - LabLaboratory

92
Q

State and justify an appropriate antimicrobial agent and duration of therapy for both community acquired and nosocomial pneumonia based on host

A

Lower Respiratory Infections - Part 1Lecture

93
Q

State the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the alveoli, mixed venous and arterial blood in normal individuals

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

94
Q

Use the CDM grid to help organize your thinking about making a diagnosis

A

Clinical Decision Making - Pneumonia / CoughDiscussion, Large Group (more than 12)

95
Q

Using the alveolar ventilation equation, discuss the factors that determine the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli and define the terms hyperventilation and hypoventilation

A

Introduction to Gas Exchange and HypoxemiaLecture

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