Untit Two Physical Geography

Question 1

Core

Answer 1

Hot, solid, 5000 degrees Celsius

Question 2

Mantle/aesthenosphere

Answer 2

Tough liquid rock (molten magma), convection currents move through this layer.

Question 3

Lithosphere/crust

Answer 3

Surface we live on, floats on mantle, oceanic and continental

Question 4

Folding

Answer 4

Collision of two tectonic plates that results in rock material pushed up to create folds (continental+continental=fold mountains)

Question 5

Faulting

Answer 5

Plates sliding/grinding against each other. Earthquakes created. (Continental+continental, ocean+ocean, c/o+c/o)

Question 6

Subduction

Answer 6

The collision of two tectonic plates that results in one being pushed under the other. Oceanic plate always goes under. (Oceanic+continental=subduction volcanoes created)

Question 7

Tension

Answer 7

Two tectonic plates are pulling apart from each other.

Question 8

What is the western cordillera

Answer 8

A highland of Canada. It is a geologically young mountain range in the western edge of Canada. It is also referred to as the rocky mountains.

Question 9

How was the western cordillera formed.

Answer 9

Pacific plate pushed under the North American plate causing faulting, folding, and volcanic activity.

Question 10

What are the innuitan mountains?

Answer 10

Mountains in Canada’s far north. They were made in the Mesozoic era. They are very barren, jagged mountains with little to no trees and a lot of snow.

Question 11

What are the Appalachian mountains?

Answer 11

A mountain range that stretch all the way from Georgia to Newfoundland in Canada’s east coast. They are very old so they now more closely resemble rolling hills.

Question 12

How were the Appalachian mountains formed?

Answer 12

Layers of sedimentary rock were uplifted and folded at the end of the Paleozoic era.

Question 13

What are the Great Lakes- st. Lawrence lowlands

Answer 13

An area the most southern part Canada that has large amounts of freshwater lakes, river valleys, and a generally rolling landscape.

Question 14

How was the Great Lakes- st. Lawrence lowlands area formed?

Answer 14

Glaciation that occurred in the Paleozoic era.

Question 15

What are the Hudson Bay- Arctic lowlands

Answer 15

An gently rolling landscape around the south western shore of Hudson Bay that has a harsh climate and many bays. The ground is frozen most of the year and has Paleozoic Era rock in it.

Question 16

What is the Canadian Shield.

Answer 16

An area rich in lakes, rivers, trees and rounded hills. It has ancient mountains formed by volcanoes that have been worn to rocky hills.

Question 17

How was the Canadian Shield formed?

Answer 17

The mountains were formed by volcanic activity but have been worn to rocky hills over many years.

Question 18

What are Wegner’s evidence of continental drift?

Answer 18

1. The continents fit together like puzzle pieces.
2. He found the same types of fossils in both Africa and South America.
3. Mountain ranges connect from places like Africa to South America.
4. Evidence of ice sheets is found in India, which is a hot country. This suggests that it used to hold a different place on earth.

Question 19

Continental drift

Answer 19

Land masses are in constant motion and are floating on top of molten magma

Question 20

Weathering

Answer 20

The breakdown of rock in its place.

Question 21

What are the types of weathering?

Answer 21

Chemical weathering- rocks broken into pieces by chemical bonds being destroyed.

Mechanical weathering- rocks physically broken into smaller prices by frost welding, thermal expansion, and biological weathering.

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

The wearing away of earths surface followed by the movement of the rock material to another location. Caused by the movement of wind rain, running water, or ice.

Question 23

Glacier

Answer 23

A slowly moving mass of ice. They are the most recent therefore most dramatic effect on Canada’s physical landscape.

Question 24

Oak ridges moraine

Answer 24

The Oak Ridges Moraine is an ecologically important geological landform in the Mixedwood Plains of south-central Ontario, Canada.

Question 25

Igneous rock

Answer 25

Formed through the cooling and solidification of molten magma from earths mantle

Question 26

Sedimentary

Answer 26

Formed through the gradual falling and compression of solids on the ocean floor.

Question 27

Metamorphic

Answer 27

Formed through the transformation of existing rocks in the hot mantle of earth

Question 28

Pangea

Answer 28

The super continent that Wegner suggested in his theory of continental drift.

Question 29

How does physical geography effect human geography.

Answer 29

Physical geography effects the jobs and industries in an area.

Question 30

What is the difference between continental drift and plate tectonics?

Answer 30

Plate tectonics is the theory that earths crust is broken into 20 tectonic plates that are moved by conventional currents, while Continental drift is the theory that all the mentioned continents were once attached and have slowly drifted apart.

Question 31

What are the four building up forces?

Answer 31

Folding, faulting, subduction, and tension.

Question 32

Geologic history/time

Answer 32

Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian

Question 33

Cenozoic era

Answer 33

Recent life.

66 million+ years

Geologic events
The western cordillera (Rocky Mountains) are finished forming. Continents take on their present shape.

Biological events
Age of the mammals, humans develop. Other modern life forms evolve.

Question 34

Mesozoic era

Answer 34

Middle life

179 million+ years

Geo events
Western cordillera begin to form. Innuitan mountains finish forming.

Bio events
Age of reptiles (dinosaurs). The first flowering plants, birds, and mammals form.

Question 35

Paleozoic era

Answer 35

Ancient life

325 million + years

Geo events
Appalachian mountains are formed. Large parts of the North America are full of shallow seas.

Bio events
Age of amphibians and fish. The first insects are formed. First Plants and animals on land. Coal is formed.

Question 36

Precambrian era

Answer 36

Earliest life

4050 million+ years

Geo events
Canadian Shield is formed, along with the ‘canadian Shield mountains’

Bio events
First multi felled organisms are forms as well as the first single called organisms.

Question 37

How were the Innuitan mountains made?

Answer 37

Erosion formed them into rolling hills.