Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Monogastric nutrition > Until class 9/7 > Flashcards

Until class 9/7 Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the animal composition in a fat free basis?

A

75 water, 20 protein and 5 ash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whats the animal composition in a dry fat free basis?

A

80 protein adn 20 ash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can the GIT be divided?

A

Headgut, foregut, pancreas and biliary system, midgut and hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What constitutes the foregut?

A

esophagus and stomach, or in poultry crop, proventriculus and gizzard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main differences between swine and poultry GIT?

A

How they seek food, mastication, storage of food (crop proventriculus and gizzard), GIT length, speed of blood divertion to liver, cecum length and passage time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of cell line the esophagus?

A

stratified squamiys epithelium that secret mucus by goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach of swine?

A

Esophageal (prone to ulcers), cardiac (secretes mucus to protect from pH), gastric (parietal cells secrete HCl and chief secrete pepsinogen) and pyloric (secretes mucus and has sphincter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of cell secretes HCl and pepsinogen in swine? and in poultry?

A

parietal and chief in swine, and oxyntico peptic cell in poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the gizzard lined with?

A

Glycoprotein KOILIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does pepsin work?

A

Carboxyl end of aromatic (Phe, Trp and Tyr) and acidic AA (glutamate and aspartate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the duodenum end in poultrY?

A

where bile and pancreatic ducts form a common papillae, duodenal loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the jejunum end in poultry?

A

at meckels diverticulum (remnant of yolk stalk (where yolk sac was attached)) it marks start of ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 layers of the midgut?

A

Serosa, muscle, submucosa and mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Whats the function of the serosa layer?

A

is the outermost has connective tissue to support git, large blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Whats the function of the muscle layer?

A

responsible for the motility of git (2 muscle fiber arrangements: outer longitudinal and inner circular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whats the function of the submucosa layer?

A

(fluid glands and blood vessels) has large blood vessels

17
Q

What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa?

A

muscularis, lamina propia and epithelium

18
Q

How are epithelial cells renewed?

A

by a process where proliferative (stem) cells in the base of the intestinal glands produce new epithelial cells that migrate upward and out of the crypt and are eventually shed into the lumen

19
Q

How is the absorptive are in the GIT expanded?

A

the transversal fold ensure the slow passage of the digesta that gives time for digestion and absorption, villi and mucosal glands increase the surface area 10X and microvilli increase absorptive surface 20X forming and undulated brush border

20
Q

What are the 6 different cell types are produced by stem cells in the base of the crypt?

A

Enterocytes, goblet cells, enteriendocrine, paneth, microfold and tuft

21
Q

What are the functions of the 6 types of cells?

A

Enterocytes: for absorption, most numerous
Goblet cells: secrete mucus layer
Enteroendocrine: secrete hormones as secretin, pancreozymin, enteroglucagon, etc
Paneth cells: produce antimicrobial peptides
Microfold cells (M cell): sample antigens from the lumen and deliver them to mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Tuft cells: Immune response

22
Q

What are the types of junctions of the intestinal cells?

A

Tight junctions: claudins (lateral border) and occludins (apical border) forming a ring shaped ribbon around the cells
Adhesion/anchoring junctions: located in the membrane at contact points between the cells
Gap junctions: connect cells with channels for intercellular communication

23
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

A layer that acts as a barrier to suspend particulate and filter nutrients and can form visocus gels from some feedstuff that affect permeability of unstirred water layer and cause poor nutrient utilization

24
Q

What are the types of cells in the pancreas?

A

islet cells of langerhans secrete hormones (insulin, glucagon, etc)) and acinar cells (most) secrete pancreatic juice and hormones

25
Q

What are the types of islet cells?

A

A (α): produce glucagon
B (β): produce insulin, is most abundant
D (δ): produce somatostatin (local regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion, inhibits HCl and pancreatic secretion, intestinal motility and splanchnic blood flow)
F or PP: produce pancreatic polypeptide (regulates GIT secretion and motility

26
Q

What is the main enzyme for luminal digestion?

A

Pancreatic alfa amylase

27
Q

Food entry in stomach stimulate secretion of _____ and ______ into duodenum

A

secretin and CCK

28
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

stimulates pancreas to release ions (Na, K, HCO3 etc) to neutralize digesta entering duodenum for proper enzyme action and deactivate pepsin

29
Q

What does CCK do?

A

stimulates pancreas to secrete proenzymes and enzymes, induces satiety and inhibits gastric acid release

30
Q

What is in the bile?

A

Bile contains Na and K salt of bile acid, phospholipids, bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), cholesterol and mucin that is stored in gall bladder except in horse, rat or deer

31
Q

How many bile ducts are in swine? and poultry?

A

In swine there is one bile duct (major papilla) and 1 pancreatic duct (minor papilla)
Poultry has 2 bile ducts and 3 pancreatic ducts

32
Q

What is mucosal digestion?

A

Enterocyte in mucosal layer produces 6 carbohydrases that are transported to brush border membrane:
Maltase: involved in mucosal digestion only because its anchored in the lipid bilayer membrane of the microvilli. It Breaks maltose (2 glucose alfa 1-4) into 2 glucose
isomaltase: isomaltase into 2 glucose
Sucrase: sucrose into glucose and fructose
Trehalase: trehalose (2 glucose linked by alfa 1-1) into 2 glucose
Lactase: lactose into galactose and glucose
Alfa limit dextrinase: dextrins into glucose

33
Q

How is the lipase-colipase complex formed?

A

Procolipase (inactive form of colipase) is secreted and trypsin activates it into colipase and it merges with prolipase to form lipase-colipase complex that is active

34
Q

How is a triglyceride digested?

A

Na and bile salt + lipase-colipase complex act on triglyceride releasing a Na salt of fatty acid and diglyceride, then this is digested into a Na salt of FA and 2 monoacylglycerol, digested from C1 on

35
Q

What are the bile salts?

A

sodium or K taurocholate, and glycocholate in swine and taurocholate only in poultry

36
Q

What are the functions of bile salts?

A

reduce surface tension, emulsify, neutralize acid, aid in excretion

Monogastric nutrition (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions