unti 1 notes pt 2 quiz

Question 1

Describe the general characteristics and functions of connective tissue including embryonic origin. the dominant cell type. and a description of the extracellular matrix.

Answer 1

Widely spaced cells surrounded with extra cellular matrix(fibers and ground substance)

• functions: binding and support, protection and immunity, insulation, energy storage, transport
• extracellular matrix
• ground substance: interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans
• fibers: collagen, elastic, reticular
• dominant cell type: fibroblast, chodroblast, hematopoietic stem cell

Question 2

Name and describe each of thedifferent types of connective tissue.
Give an example of where each type is located in the human body and describe its function in that location

Answer 2

Areolar, adipose, recticular, dense regular, dense irregular, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, osseous, blood

Question 3

Areolar

Answer 3

• loosely spaced fibroblasts, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, ground substance(water, electrolytes, hyaluronic acid)/ below epithelium, surrounds organs, and blood vessels/ attachment for epithelium and blood vessels, cushioning for organs, germ control(phagocytosis inflammation.

Question 4

Adipose

Answer 4

-large adipocytes: vacuoles filled with fat, nucleus pushed to the side, litlle ground substance, highly vascularized/ underneath skin, around the kidney and eyeball, in abdomen, breast/ sstores food, insulation, supports and protects organs.

Question 5

Recticular

Answer 5

network of recticular fibers, recticular cells surrounded by ground substance/ lymph node, spleen, bone marrow/ support network for lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages

Question 6

Dense Regular

Answer 6

Fibroblasts from thin parallel collagen fibers with nuclei between fibers, poorly vascularized/ tendon, ligament, aponeurosis/ provides linear strength for muscle attachment to bone, bone to bone, muscle to muscle

Question 7

Dense Irregular

Answer 7

fibroblasts from thick randomly arranged collagen fibers/ skin’s dermis, digestive tract’s submucosa, forms capsule aound joints, organs/ provides multidirectional strength

Question 8

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 8

chondrocytes inside lacunae surrounded by large amount of ground substance/ embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, growth plates, costal nose, tracheal, laryngeal cartilage/ forms bone model, reduces friction, allows compression, flexible support

Question 9

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 9

chondrocytes inside lacunae surrounded by less ground substance, has elastic fibers/ external (pinna), epiglottis/ maintains shape with lots of flexibility

Question 10

Fibrocartilage

Answer 10

Chondrocytes inside lacunae surrounded by some ground substance, has collagen fibers/ intervertabral discs, pubic symphysis, knee meniscus/ strength, absorbs compressive shock

Question 11

Osseous

Answer 11

calcified matrix, many collagen fibers, concentric arrangement of osteocytes in lacunae around central canal/ bones/ suport, protection, leveragefor muscles, stores calcium, manufactures blood cells (hematopoiesis)

Question 12

Blood

Answer 12

red cells, white cells, platelets floating in fluid ground substance (plasma)/ inside heart, blood vessels, carries respiratory gases, fights germs, clotting, transport of nutrients, wastes, hormones

Question 13

Describe the characteristics and functions of muscle tissue.

Answer 13

• Well vascularized
• Actin and myosin myofilaments
• contractile
• locomotion, body positioning, movement of materials within the body, opening and closing orifices, heat generation

Question 14

Name and describe each of the three different types of muscle tissue

Answer 14

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 15

Skeletal

Answer 15

long cylindrical, parallel multinucleate fibers
striations
voluntary
location: bones, facial skin

Question 16

Cardiac

Answer 16

uninucleate,
striations
intercalated discs
involuntary
location: heart

Question 17

Smooth

Answer 17

spindle-shaped cells
nonstriated
cells arranged to form sheets
location: hollow organs

Question 18

Describe the general characteristics and functions of nervous tissue,

Answer 18

long, thin cells with extensions (processes)

detects stimuli, transmits impulses, coordinates reactions

Question 19

know the types of cells associated with nervous tissue and their respective functions

Answer 19

neuron- carries electricity

supporting cells- supports the neurons, connects cell body

Question 20

know the anatomy of a neuron

Answer 20

dendrites- receive electricity
cell body- houses neuron
axon- collects electricity from cell body carries to dendrites of another neuron.

Question 21

Where is nervous tissue located?

Answer 21

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 22

Distinguish between regenration and fibrosis and when each process occurs

Answer 22

Regenration- when not much damage occurs

fibrosis- scar tissue replaces damaged tissue. lots of damage occurs

Question 23

Describe classic inflammatory response

Answer 23

1. Injured tissue cells, macrophages, mast cells release inflammatory chemicals
2. capllaries dilate, become permeable
3. white blood cells, plasma, antibodies seep into the area.
   4lymphatic vessels remove excess fluid, dead cells

Question 24

Know the regenerative compacity of each major tissue type.

Answer 24

epithelial, bone, areolar, dense irregular, blood forming tissue- best regenerators
smooth muscle, dense regular connective tissue- good regenerators
skeletal muscle, cartilage- poor regenerators
cardiac muscle, nervous tissue (brain, spinal coed, nerves) no regenerative capacity