unit 1 notes pt 3

Question 1

describe the functions of the integumentary system

Answer 1

protection
body temperature regulation.
cutaneous sensation
metabolic functions
blood reservoir
excretion

Question 2

protection

Answer 2

• chemical barrier: acid mantle, defesin, cathelicidins,melanin
• physical barrier: stratum corneum
• biological barrier: dendritic cells, macrophages, DNA

Question 3

body temperature regulation

Answer 3

insensible perspiration, sensible perspiration, arrector pili muxcle, vasoconstriction. vasodilation

Question 4

cutaneous sensation

Answer 4

exteroreceptors- tactile(meissner’s) corpuscle, tactile disc, lamellar (pacinian) corpuscle, hair follicle receptor, free nerve ending

Question 5

metabolic functions

Answer 5

vitamin d synthesis

Question 6

blood reservoir

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

Question 7

excretion

Answer 7

notrogenous wastes, sodium, water

Question 8

epidermis

Answer 8

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, keratinocyte. melanocyte, dendritic (langerhans) cell, tactile(merkel) cells

Question 9

dermis

Answer 9

connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

Question 10

epidermis

Answer 10

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum,

stratum corneum

Question 11

stratum basale

Answer 11

mitosis, keratinocytes, melanocytes

Question 12

stratum spinosum

Answer 12

keratinocytes, melanin granules, langehanss’ cell

Question 13

stratum granulosum

Answer 13

keratinocytes, keratohyaline granules, lamellar granules

Question 14

stratum lucidum(thick skin only)

Answer 14

palms and soles of feet

Question 15

stratum corneum

Answer 15

keratin

Question 16

dermis

Answer 16

papillary layer

reticular layer

Question 17

papillary layer

Answer 17

areolarconnective tissue, dermal papillae with capilary loops, tactile(meissner’s) corpuscles, friction ridges

Question 18

reticular layer

Answer 18

dense irregular connective tissue, cleavage lines, elastic fibers, flexure lines

Question 19

factors the determine skin color

Answer 19

pigments: melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

Question 20

abnormal skin colors

Answer 20

erythema: reddish skin color
pallor: very white skin color, indication of about to pass out
jaundice: yellowish skin color, indicates liver problem
bronzing: addisons disease
hematoma: bruise
albinism: no melanin
cyanosis: bluish coloring, lack of oxygen

Question 21

accessory organs associated with the skin

Answer 21

cutaneous gland, hair, nails

Question 22

cutaneous glands

Answer 22

sweat (sudoriferous) gland
eccrine (merocrine) gland
aprocrine sweat gland: phermones
ceruminous gland: cerumen(ear wax)
mammary glands: milk
sebaceous gland: sebum(oil-attached to hair)

Question 23

hair(pilus)

Answer 23

dead, hard keratinized cells
shaft- medulla, cortex. cuticle
root- everything below skin
follicle(sensory part of hair)- bulb,hair follicle receptor, papilla, peripheral connective tissue sheath, epithelial root sheath, matrix
arrector pili muscle- stands hair up
sebaceous gland
funstions of hair: scalp,eyebrow, eyelash, nostril, ear, sensory

Question 24

nails

Answer 24

dead, hard keratinized cells
nail matrix: growth area
nail fold: side of nail
nail body: flat part of nail
cuticle(eponychium) keeps dirt out at base of nail
hyponychium: bottom of nails
function of nails: tools

Question 25

three types of skin cancer

Answer 25

basal cell carcinoma: stratum basale cells enter dermisand hypodermis- spreads the least squamos cell carcinoma: keratinocytes of stratum spinosum melanoma: melanocytes- most dangerous mecause it moves. metastisis easy

Question 26

type of burns

Answer 26

first degree- epidermis, no blisters second degree- epidermis, part of the dermis, blistering occurs third degree- epidermis, dermis, full thickness

Question 27

rule of 9s

Answer 27

head and neck = 9%, each arm = 9%, anterior trunk= 18%. | posterior trunk = 18%

Question 28

relationship between integumentary system and other body functions

Answer 28

function systems

Question 29

skeletal system

Answer 29

supports skin | int, system- protects bones and makes vitamin d

Question 30

muscular system

Answer 30

moves skin | int system- protects organs, removes muscle heat by vasodilation, sweating

Question 31

nervous system

Answer 31

thermoregulation, interprets sensory outputs | int system- protects nervous organs

Question 32

endocrine system

Answer 32

hormone control sebaceous gland & hair growth | int system- protects the endocrine gland

Question 33

cardiovascular system

Answer 33

carries oxygen, food to skin and removes wastes, delivers materials for glands int system- protects heart, blood vessels, prevents fluid loss from blood, serves as blood reservoir

Question 34

lymphatic system/ immunity

Answer 34

lymphatic syste removes tissue, fluid from skin, immune system protects skin int system- skin protects lymphatic organs, langerhans' cells eat germs

Question 35

respiratory system

Answer 35

absorbs oxygen, removes carbon dioxide for skin | int system- protects respiratory system

Question 36

digestive system

Answer 36

absorbs food for skin | int system- protects digestive organs, provides vitamin d for calcium absorption

Question 37

urinary system

Answer 37

activates vitamin d made by skin, removes nitrogenous waste from skin int system- protects urinary organs, removes some nitrogenous wastes and salts

Question 38

reproductive system

Answer 38

cutaneous stimuli contribute to stimulation, mammory glands produce milk int system- protects reproductive organs