Unti 02: Looking at Computers - Understanding the Parts Flashcards
computer?
data processing device that gathers, processes, outputs, and stores data and info
a) input?
b) process?
c) Output?
d) Storage?
a) gathers/enable users to enter data
b) organizes data into info
c) displays data in a form suitable to the user
d) saves data for later use
What is the difference between data and info?
example of each
data - is a representation of a fact, figure, or idea
ex - Zoe or 7135553297
Info - data presented in a meaningful fashion
ex contact list is Zoe tel.(713) 555-3297
a) binary language?
b) bit
c) byte
a) computer language consisting of 0’s and 1’s
b) binary digit - 0 or 1 (computer language letters)
c) a combination of 8 binary digits (like computer language words)
a) electrical switches?
b) what does 1 represent vs 0
devices within a computer that are either flipped on (1) or off (0)
a) transistors?
electrical switches made out of layers of semiconductors
semiconductor?
a) define
b) example
c) how does it work?
a) a material that can be used as both a conductor or an insulator
b) silicon
c) will only conduct electricity at a certain voltage
why were integrated circuits developed?
eventually, the advancement of tech required more transistors in a smaller space than readily available. Therefore integrated circuits allowed this.
integrated circuits
a) define
b) also known as
a) a tiny region of semiconductor material that can support a huge amount of transistors
b) integrated chips
Microprocessors - what do they contain?
they contain CPU
CPU?
a) name
b) function
c) size
d) analogy
a) central processing unit
b) processes data into info
c) as tiny as a fingernail
d) analytical part of the brain
a) function of bits and bytes? (2)
b) examples? (3)
a)
1. computer language
2. represents the quantity of data/info that can be inputted/outputted
b)
1. 1’s and 0’s
2. word files, digital images, and software
units
a) KB -> bytes
b) MB -> bytes
c) GB -> bytes
d) TB -> bytes
e) PB -> TB
a) 1 thousand bytes
b) 1 million bytes
c) 1 billion bytes
d) 1 trillion bytes
e) 1 thousand TB
how much data can a _____ store?
a) personal computer?
b) business computers
a) TB - 1 trillion bytes
b) PB - 1 thousand TB
a) What does a computer use to process bits/bytes? (2)
b) define
a)
1. hardware
2. software
b)
1. any part of the computer that you can physically touch
2. the computer programs that enable the hardware to perform tasks
application software?
a) define
b) examples (4 out of 8)
a) a set of programs that allow users to carry out certain tasks
b) word processing, sending emails, budgeting, creating a presentation, editing photos, taking online courses, and playing games
System software?
a) define
b) analogy
a) allows hardware and application software to work together
b) mother system software lets kid hardware to have playdates with friend application software
a) What is the most common type of system software?
b) function
c) analogy
d) versions (2)
a) OS - operating system
b) control how the computer function
c) mechanical part of the brain (establishes movement)
d) Microsoft windows or apple’s macOS
types of personal computers? (2)
- stationary
2. portable
types of portable computers? (3)
- cell phones
- tablets
- laptops
what is special about smartphone compared to regular cell phones?
they can do many tasks at the same times using the same device
are all cell phones smartphones?
No
digital convergence?
that act of incorporating a range of features that used to be available on separate dedicated devices
a) what are the different types of cell phones? (2)
b) which one is a more powerful cell phone?
- smartphone - more powerful
2. feature phone
7 parts of a cell phone
- memory
- cameral module
- microphone
- display screen
- touch-screen controller
- battery
- CPU
table?
a) define
b) example (3)
a) a portable computer as a multi-touch-sensitive screen
b)
1. apple iPad
2. amazon fire
Samsung galaxy
what are the 2 differences between a smartphone and a tablet?
- size/weight - the phone is smaller and lighter
2. cellular phone calls - phones can tablets cannot
what are 7 similarities between smartphones and tablets?
- OS - IOS, Android, windows
- CPU
- touch screen
- battery life - 10 hours
- software apps
- internet activity - both cellular and wi-fi
- Bluetooth
Bluetooth?
a) define
b) how does it work?
a) allows devices to transfer data wirelessly to other Bluetooth enabled devices
b) uses radio waves
a) Can tablets be communication devices
b) what types of communication can it do? (3)
c) what types can it not do?
d) examples of applications? (2)
a) yes
b) wi-fi audio or visual call, and text
c) cellular calls
d) skype, WhatsApp
what was the first type of portable computer?
laptop
types of laptops variations? (3)
- 2-in-1 PC
- ultrabooks
- Chromebooks
2-in-1 PC?
a) modes? (2)
b) types of models and the difference between them?
a)
1. laptop model
2. tablet mode
b)
1. Microsoft Surface - touch screen and keyboard are detachable
2. Lenovo Yoga - the keyboard is folded behind the touch screen
advantage of a 2-in-1 PC instead of a tablet? (2)
- can access the same apps as a laptop
2. access to the keyboard
features of an ultrabook (6)
- connector
- thickness
- type of drive
- weight
- size of the keyboard
- size of the screen
- use USB-C connector - compact USB ports
- 13 mm thick
- SSD drive - fast response time
- less than 3 lbs
- full-sized keyboard
- 13 to 15-inch screen
a) the goal of the ultrabook?
b) types (2)
a) thin is key!
b) Macbook Air and Huawei MateBook
Chromebook?
a) what it is designed for?
b) what does it use?
a) to always be connected to the internet
b) it uses a google chrome OS
what type of computer is a desktop?
stationary
a) system unit?
b) peripheral device - example (2)?
a) separate tower that stores the main components of the computer
b) a component that connects to the computer - keyboard or monitor
All-in-one computer?
a) define
b) example
a) house all computer components - no tower
b) Apple iMac
What are the advantages of a desktop computer? (2)
- easier to upgrade
2. larger screens - or use a larger monitor
Mainframe?
a) define
b) what are they used for?
a) large computer that supports many users all at once
b) in businesses that manage large amounts of data
Supercomputer?
a) define
b) how many programs does it execute at once?
a) a computer meant to perform complex calculations rapidly
b) as few as possible
Embedded computer?
a) define
b) where are they located
a) self-contained computer with its own programming
b) is embedded in other computing devices
input device?
a device that lets the user input commands to their computer
a) keyboard?
b) touch screens
a) input device that uses keys to input commands
b) display screens that use touching the screen to input commands
types of keyboards?
a) which one is the most common
b) which one is the most efficient?
- QWERTY keyboard - more common
2. Dvorak keyboard - more efficient
why is the Dvorak keyboard the most efficient?
it contains all of the most common letter used in English as the home keys
a) mouse?
b) cursor?
a) pointing device used to enter commands
b) the arrow on the screen that indicates what you want to point at
what is the most common pointing device?
mouse
what is the most common type of mouse? describe
optical mouse: uses internal lasers to sense movement
ways for a wireless mouse to connect to a computer? (2)
- USB drive
2. Bluetooth
3 kinds of input devices for images?
a) how do they connect to a computer?
- digital cameras
- camcorders
- mobile devices
a) using cable
a) flatbed scanners?
b) OCR
a) an input device that generates digital images
b) optical character recognition software - digitizes and saves text
Dragon Naturally Speaking?
a voice recognition application
are voice recognition features built into computing systems?
yes
examples of intelligent personal assistants (4)
- Siri
- google assistant
- Microsoft’s Cortana
- amazons Alexa
4 types of microphones - best used for?
- close-talk - conferences/phone calls/voice recognition software
- omnidirectional - conference calls in the meeting room
- unidirectional - podcasts/youtube videos
- clip-on - presentations with movement/hands-free discussions
display screen?
an output device that displays text graphics and videos
types of display screens?
a) which one is the most common
b) which one is the most energy-efficient?
c) which one requires the least amount of power
- liquid crystal display (LCD) - most common
- light-emitting diode (LED) - most energy efficient
- organic light-emitting diode displays (OLED) - uses the least amount of power
what type of display is used for;
a) laptops and desktops
b) tablets and smartphones
a) LCD
b) OLED
what is the most cost-effective high-resolution device?
Ultra HD
2 ways to show output display to a group of people
- projector
2. interactive whiteboard
different types of printers - describe
a) which one is higher quality
b) which one is more cost-effective?
- inkjet printer - direct printing - higher quality
2. laser printer- indirect printing - cost-effective
types of specialty printers? (3)
- all-in-one: combines printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in one machine
- large format: prints larger images
- 3D printer: printer 3D objecting using heated plastic that cools down
aspect ratio
the width to height ratio of a monitor
motherboard?
a) define
b) where is it located on the desktop?
c) where is it located on a laptop/tablet?
a) main circuit board that contains central electronic components
b) in system unit (tower)
c) system unit (within the device)
RAM?
Random-access memory - storage of currently used data/programs
volatile storage?
a temporary type of storage (RAM)
ROM?
read-only memory - nonvolatile storage
nonvolatile storage?
permanent storage
expansion card/adapter card?
circuit boards that provide additional functionality
sound card?
type of expansion card that connects to the speaker/microphones
video card?
type of expansion card that connects to a monitor
NIC?
network interface card - enable connection to other devices or internet connection
GPS?
global positioning system - a network of satellites that orbit each enabling a wifi connection to devices
machine cycle?
how fast the CPU gets info from the RAM and converts it into computer language
gigahertz
units billion of machine cycle per second
single-core CPU?
allows one program to work at a time
multi-core CPU?
allows many programs to work at once
hard drive?
desktop/laptop primary deceive for permanent storage
internal hard drive?
hard drive within the device
external hard drive?
hard drive connected to PC via port
Hard drive disk?
type of hard drive with movable parts
SSD?
solid state drive - a type of hard drive that has no moving parts
drive bay?
the location of permanent storage devices within a laptop/desktop
internal drive bay?
within internal hard drives
external drive bay?
house DVD or Blu-ray drives
flash drive/jump drive/USB drive/thumb drive?
an external hard drive that uses a solid-state flash memory to store info outside of the device
flash memory card?
an external hard drive that uses solid-state flash memory allowing the user to transfer digital data between the computer and digitial devices
SD card?
type of flash memory card
do cell phones contain hard drives?
no
capacity of
a) SSD
b) external portable hard drive
c) mechanical internal hard drive
d) flash drive
e) flash memory card
a) 30TB
b) 16TB
c) 30TB
d) 4TB
e) 1TB
cloud storage?
a service that stores files on the internet
types of cloud storage?
- google drive
- Microsoft
- onedrive
- dropbox
Green Computing/green IT?
a movement that encourages the use of environmentally friendly computing devices
Port?
a place to attach peripheral devices in order to exchange data
thunderbolt ports?
a device that allows users to connect up to 6 ports within one computer
USB?
universal serial bus port - most common port used on a computer
types of peripherals using USB
keyboards, printers, mice, smartphones, external hard drives, flash drives, and digital cameras.
transfer speed of USB 3.2 standard
20 Gbps
connectivity port?
a port that provides access to networks and internet
Ethernet port?
transfer data at high speeds - 10000Mbps
HDMI?
high definition multimedia interface port - most common video port (uses both audio and video)
what uses HDMI ports? (4)
monitors, Blu-ray players, TVs, and game consoles
most common types of HDMI ports? (3)
Types D,C, and A
how to find what apps draw the most power for android?
For Android devices, click Settings > Device > Battery or Settings > Power > Battery Use and you’ll see a list of apps and how much battery power they’re consuming.
how to find what apps draw the most power for iOS?
For iOS devices, click Settings > Battery and wait for the battery usage list to populate. Click the clock icon to display information on the foreground and background power use.
how to find what apps draw the most power for windows?
For Windows, launch Settings from the Notifications area, select System, select Battery, then click the See which apps are affecting your battery life link.
power supply?
transforms wall voltage into battery life for the device
best way to turn off iOS or windows
power - shut down
sleep mode?
when the computer enters a state of power conservation all programs are held in RAM easily available.
warm boot?
restarts the computer while it is powered on
cold boot?
Powering on your computer from a completely turned off state
hibernate?
sleep mode except data is stored on hard drive and power if off
ergonomics?
the science that deals with the design and location of machines to prevent uncomfortable or unsafe experiences
DisplayPort?
similar to an HDMI port
5 ways to stay safe and comfortable when using a computing device
- proper positioning
- adjustable chair
- proper typing position
- take breaks
- adequate lighting
assistive/adaptive technologies?
tech services meant to aid people with disabilities
