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CIS*1000 > Unit 10: Behind the Scenes: Software programming > Flashcards

Unit 10: Behind the Scenes: Software programming Flashcards

1
Q

macros?

A

a modern software app that lets you automate featues using custom-built mini-programs

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2
Q

information system?

A

data, people, procedures, hardware, and software that helps in planning and decision making

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3
Q

SDLC?

A

system development life cycle - allows software apps to be available for multiple OSs, to work in a network, and to be error-free

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4
Q

6 steps of SDLC

A
  1. problem and opportunity identification
  2. analysis - explore problem/opportunity and develop a program specification
  3. design the program using a data-flow chart
  4. develop the program
  5. test the program and install it for official use
  6. maintain and evaluate the program’s progress
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5
Q

program specification?

A

a clear statement of the goals and objective of the project

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6
Q

data-flow chart?

A

traces all data in an information system from entry to exit point

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7
Q

scope creep?

A

changing set of requests from clients for additional features as they wait longer and longer to see a working prototype

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8
Q

programming?

A

the process of translating a task into a series of commands that a computer will use to perform that task

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9
Q

PDLC?

A

program development life cycle - the process to developing a program

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10
Q

5 steps for PDLC?

A
  1. describes the problem - what problem is the program supposed to solve
  2. plan the program’s algorithm
  3. translate the algorithm into programming code
  4. debug code
  5. test and document the program
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11
Q

algorithm?

A

the steps needed to complete a task

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12
Q

problem statement?

A

describes the tasks the program must do and how it will execute those tasks

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13
Q

what are the 3 things relevant to creating a useful program?

A
  1. data input from the user
  2. information output the user requires
  3. the method of converting the data into useful information
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14
Q

error handling?

A

a part of the program statement that establishes what the program should do if an input is invalid

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15
Q

testing plan?

A

take a list of input numbers that users would typically enter and provides a list of ideal output values should

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16
Q

2 ways programmers represent algorithms?

A
  1. flowcharts - a visual representation

2. Pseudocode - textual approach

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17
Q

what does each symbol represent in a flowchart

a) diamond
b) rectangle
c) parallelogram
d) oval
e) directed line - arrow

A

a) binary decision - yes or n
b) process - indicates an instruction to follow
c) input/output - data read or printed
d) terminate - end of a program
e) direction of flow - shows the direction of the path

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18
Q

decision points?

A

places, where the program must choose, form a list of actions based on the value of a certain input

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19
Q

2 types of decision points

A
  1. binary - can either answer yes or no - fork in the road

2. loop - asks the question again after it has been answered and the task has been completed

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20
Q

test condition for loop decision?

A

checks to see if the loop is completed and the number of times is correct

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21
Q

control structures?

A

key words in a programing language that allows the programmer to direct the flow of the program based on a decision

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22
Q

2 ways programmers create algorithms for specific tasks

A
  1. top-down design - where problems are broken into a series of high-level tasks
  2. object-orientated analysis - where programmers identify all the classes that are part of the problem
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23
Q

class?

A

category of an input defined by data and methods

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24
Q

what are the 2 ways classes are identified?

A
  1. by their info/data

2. by their actions

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25
Q

object?

A

an example of a class

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26
Q

reusability?

A

the ability to reuse existing classes form one project for another project

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27
Q

syntax?

A

an agreed-upon set of rules defining how a language must be structured

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28
Q

code statement?

A

sentences in a code

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29
Q

Syntax errors?

A

a violation of the syntax rules

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30
Q

data types?

A

the type of data being stored

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31
Q

operator?

A

coding symbols that represent fundamental actions of a language

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32
Q

inheritance?

A

when a new class can automatically pick up all the data and methods of an existing class and can extend/customize them as they see fit

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33
Q

base class?

A

the original class

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34
Q

derived class?

A

modified class

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35
Q

coding?

A

translating an algorithm into programing language

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36
Q

programming language?

A

a code for the set of instructions the CPU knows how to perform

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37
Q

5 major categories of programming language

A
  1. 1 GL
  2. 2GL
  3. 3GL
  4. 4GL
  5. 5GL
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38
Q

1GL?

A

first-generation language - machine language

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39
Q

machine language?

A

binary code

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40
Q

2GL

A

second-generation language - assembly language

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41
Q

assembly language?

A

enables programmers to write using short English-like commands

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42
Q

3GL?

A

third-generation language -uses symbols and commands to enable the programmer to communicate to computer CPU

43
Q

4GL?

A

fourth-generation language - includes database query languages and report generators

44
Q

SQL?

A

structured query language - an example of 4GL

45
Q

5GL?

A

fifth-generation language - most natural language

46
Q

PROgrammingLOGic?

A

examples of a 5GL

47
Q

portability?

A

the capability to move a computed solution easily from one type of computer to another

48
Q

variable?

A

each input and output item that the program manipulates

49
Q

variable declaration?

A

tells OS that the program needs to allocate storage space in RAM

50
Q

comment?

A

explains the purpose fo a section of code

51
Q

what symbol produces a comment in C++?

A

// on both sides of the comment

52
Q

compilation?

A

the process by which code is converted into machine language

53
Q

compiler?

A

a program that understands both the programming and the machine language

54
Q

source code?

A

the instructions programmers have written in the higher-level language

55
Q

executable program?

A

the binary sequence that instructs the CPU to run its code

56
Q

interpreter?

A

translates source code into an intermediate form

57
Q

IDE?

A

integrated development environment - a developmental tool that helps programmers write and test their programs

58
Q

editor?

A

a special tool in IDE that helps programmers as they enter the codes alerting them to any typos

59
Q

debugging?

A

the process of running a program over and over to find and repair errors and makes sure that the program behaves as it should

60
Q

2 types of error?

A
  1. logical - produces an unwanted output where the syntax is correct but a human error has occurred
  2. runtime - when codes that are mathematically impossible - dividing by 0
61
Q

debugger?

A

a tool that helps programmers dissect a program as it runs in search for errors

62
Q

RTM?

A

release to manufacturers - when a manufacturer makes changes and releases the software to other manufacturers

63
Q

GA?

A

general availability - when a product can be purchased by the public

64
Q

release cycle?

A

the steps to releasing a program

65
Q

documentation?

A

when technical writers create internal documentation for the program that describes the development and technical details fo the software

66
Q

Then PDLC requires (3)

A
  1. data
  2. infomation
  3. method
67
Q

2 most popular programming languages?

A
  1. C/C++

2. java

68
Q

COBOL?

A

a common programming language

69
Q

popular programming languages 6 of 14

A
  1. javascript
  2. java
  3. python
  4. objective C
  5. HTML
  6. PHP
  7. C++
  8. ruby
  9. SQL
  10. C#
  11. CSS
  12. R
  13. Swift
  14. C
70
Q

4 things programs look at when deciding what language to select for a project

A
  1. space available - each language takes a different amount of space
  2. speed requirement - each language executes commands at different rates
  3. organizational resources available
  4. type of target app - certain languages are customized to support specific applications
71
Q

prototype?

A

a small model of an intended program

72
Q

RAD?

A

rapid application development - encourages programmers to create a prototype then generate system documents as they use and remodel the product

73
Q

VB?

A

visual basic - a language that is used to build a wide range of windows apps

74
Q

BASIC?

A

beginner’s all-purpose symbolic instruction code - an old programming language

75
Q

VBA?

A

visual basic application - a language used to construct custom solutions for Microsoft

76
Q

VB.NET?

A

an object-orientated language intended to allow websites to communicate with each other easily

77
Q

web services?

A

programs that a website uses to make info available to other websites

78
Q

API?

A

application program interface - a set of software routines that allow software systems to work with each other

79
Q

C++ and C

a) who developed them? (2)
b) when were they developed?

A

a) Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie

b) 1978

80
Q

java

a) who developed them?
b) when were they developed?

A

a) James Gosling

b) 1990s

81
Q

architecture neutral?

A

a java feature that allows java code to be run on many CPUs after being compiled only once

82
Q

Java applet?

A

a small java-based program

83
Q

Java VM?

A

Java virtual machine - software that can explain to a java program how to function on any specific system

84
Q

objective C?

A

the programming language most commonly used for macOS applications

85
Q

Cocoa library?

A

lets users program for the macOS graphical user interface

86
Q

Swift?

A

newer programming language introduced by Apple for developing on iOS and macOS devices

87
Q

HTML?

A

hypertext markup language - the most basic formatting language for web apps

88
Q

scripting language?

A

a simple programming language that’s limited to performing a set of specialized tasks

89
Q

JavaScript?

A

a scripting language that’s customized to work with the elements of a web page and is often used to add interactivity to web pages

90
Q

Dynamic decision making?

A

the page can decide how to display itself based on the choices the reader makes

91
Q

VBScript?

A

a subset of VB for programmers that are more familiar with VB over Java

92
Q

what do they stand for and what are they

a) ASP
b) JSP
c) PHP

A

they are examples of programming languages that produce interactive web pages

a) active server pages
b) JavaServer Pages
c) Hypertext Preprocessor

93
Q

AJAX?

A

asynchronous JavaScript and XML - a collection of tech that enables web apps to update the info on the page without refreshing or leaving the page

94
Q

XML?

A

eXtensible Markup language - enables designers to define their own data-based tags

95
Q

JSON?

A

JavaScript Object Notation - a standard for exchanging info between a server computer process and client

96
Q

C/C++, C#, Java, Objective C, and Visual Baisic.Net are all examples of?

A

programming languages

97
Q

AJAX, HTML 5, VBScript, XML, and JSON are all examlpes of?

A

web technologies

98
Q

Android SDK?

A

Android software development kit - needed to build apps for android smartphones and tablets

99
Q

COrona and App Inventor are examples of?

A

tools that are used to produce games and apps quickly

100
Q

Magmito?

A

a programming environment that supports the development of simple apps with text and graphics without programming knowledge

101
Q

VB.NET and COBOL are examples of?

A

object-oriented languages

102
Q

the association for computing machinery?

A

an association the encourages educator to teach mathematical and programming skills and concepts

103
Q

MUMPS?

A

muti-Programming system - a language used to build clinical databases and important task s in the pharmaceutical industry

CIS*1000 (15 decks)

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