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General Biology Q2 > uno > Flashcards

uno Flashcards

1
Q

(Importance of Cell Division and Why do cells divide?)

1.Growth and ______

A

DEVELOPMENT

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2
Q

(Importance of Cell Division and Why do cells divide?)

  1. Tissue ____ and _____ healing
A

REPAIR; WOUND

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3
Q

(Importance of Cell Division and Why do cells divide?)

  1. ________ Reproduction
A

Asexual

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4
Q
  1. Replacement of ___ or ______
    Cells
A

Old; worn-out

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5
Q

2 Types of Cell Division

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

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6
Q

which happens in body cells or somatic cells.

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

which involves the gametes or sex cells.

A

Meiosis

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8
Q

The cell cycle’s two
main phases:

A

Interphase and M Phase (Mitotic Phase)

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9
Q

non-dividing stage (G1, S, and G2 phases, G0)

A

Interphase

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10
Q

Replication of DNA

A

S phase

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11
Q

Cell grows

A

Gap 1

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12
Q

Cell prepares to divide

A

G2-Gap 2

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13
Q

dividing stage

A

M Phase (Mitotic Phase)

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14
Q

In M Phase, the mitosis is for ______

A

somatic cells

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15
Q

In M phase, the meiosis is for _____

A

sex cells

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16
Q

IN G1,

Cells ___ their size

A

1; increase

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17
Q

IN G1,

(2) _____ synthesis

A

1; Protein

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18
Q

IN G1

(3) enough _____

A

1; nutrients

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19
Q

In ___ phase, DNA synthesis (replication) occurs where cells make a copy of its genetic material.

A

S phase

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20
Q

In G2 phase, cell undergoes ____. Synthesis of ___ and proteins, and organelles continue to _____.

A

(1) further growth
(2) RNA
(3) replicate

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21
Q

checks for

(1) nutrients/nutrient availability
(2) growth factor/cell size
(3)DNA damage

occurs at the end of it

A

G1 checkpoint

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22
Q

check for

(1) cell size
(2) DNA replication

A

G2 checkpoint

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23
Q

checks for Chromosome spindle attachment

spinde checkpoint

During ____ of mitosis or meiosis

Each chromosome properly attached to the spindle

A

Metaphase checkpoint

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24
Q

is a normal process that takes place in all living things.

A

Cell division

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25
Q

the results
of cell division (4)

G.H.R.D

A

Growth, healing, reproduction,
and even death

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26
Q

Failure to regulate cell activities may result in various diseases and disorders.

A

MALFUNCTION DURING CELL
CYCLE

27
Q

refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and abnormal cell division

28
Q

mainly by changes or mutations to the DNA within cells.

29
Q

What are some of the risk factors contributing to cancer?

(e.g.: smoking, high-fat diet, working with toxic
chemicals)

A

Lifestyle factors

30
Q

risk factors contributing to cancer

Family history, ________, and genetics

A

inheretence

31
Q

Risk factors contributing to cancer

e.g., exposure to pesticides and fertilizers,
radiations, and carcinogens)

A

Environmental exposures

32
Q

the use of drugs to kill the dividing cells

A

Chemotherapy

33
Q

involves removal of the cancerous body part.

34
Q

involves the exposure of X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor size.

A

Radiation therapy

35
Q

A change in the number or structure of chromosomes.

A

GENETIC DISORDERS

36
Q

21st chromosome has three instead of two
chromosomes

A

Down Syndrome
(Trisomy 21)

37
Q

affecting females
➢they don’t have distinct facial
features
➢delayed development ➢tall stature

A

Trisomy X Syndrome (47, XXX)

38
Q

Turner Syndrome (45, XO) is a condition that affects only females because one of the —- chromosomes is —— or partially —-

A

X, missing

39
Q

Webbed neck, short stature, swollen hands and feet.
➢Some have skeletal abnormalities, kidney problems, and/or congenital heart defect.

A

Turner Syndrome (45, XO)

40
Q

Cri du chat is also known as “cat’s cry syndrome,” is a genetic disorder caused by a _____ of a portion of chromosome ____

A

deletion, 5

41
Q

a process where a single cell divides into two identical
daughter cells.

42
Q

The newly formed daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other.

43
Q

Chromosomes become more distinct.

44
Q

centrioles move toward opposite sides of the nucleus.

45
Q

the chromosomes are
aligned in the center
of the nucleus.
(or chromosomes line up at equator)

46
Q

Each chromatid is attached to the
spindle.

47
Q

Chromatids move to opposite poles.

48
Q

the chromosomes are now at opposite poles of the spindle.

A

Telophase, 1

49
Q

chromosomes start to uncoil and become indistinct.

A

Telophase, 2

50
Q

a new nuclear membrane forms around them.

A

Telophase, 3

51
Q

the spindle disappears.

A

Telophase, 4

52
Q

followed by the division of the cytoplasm in cytokinesis.

A

Telophase, 5

53
Q

In Telophase 5, at the end of _____, two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes are formed.

A

Cytokinesis

54
Q

involves the formation of sex cells in the reproductive organ.

(Sperm cells and egg cells)

55
Q

Meiosis begins with a
_____ cell.

56
Q

In meiosis, the cell goes through 2 cell division.

A

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

57
Q

Like Mitosis, Meiosis
also starts with
_____
( G1, Synthesis, G2)

A

interphase

58
Q

transfer genetic information with each other or the crossing over

A

prophase I

59
Q

tetrad lined up in the middle of the nucleus.

A

Metaphase I

60
Q

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles.

A

Anaphase I

61
Q

components of new cells begin to appear

A

Telophase I

62
Q

Meiosis II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II Telophase II _______

A

Cytokinesis

63
Q

Meiosis II is initiated immediately after cytokinesis,
In contrast to meiosis I, meiosis II resembles a normal ____

General Biology Q2 (4 decks)

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