Universe, Solar system, Geological periods Flashcards
James Webb Telescope
longest and most powerful
near infrared to mid infrared light
Theory of Universe
Bigbang and Theory of Creation
Bigbang theory proposed and proponent
1920 Alexander Friedman and Georges Lamaitre
Bigbang theory definition
singularity era or Planck era
the universe came from a single point and it expanded
single point of infinite density and extreme heat
Days of Creation
6 days of creation
Inflationary era
It’s expanded
Formation of Universe
made up of particles of energy
freely moving
forces will hold them
particles of energy
quarks, electrons, protons, neutrons
types of forces
Strong, weak, gravitational, electromagnetic
Formation of basic elemenrs
protons and neutrons combined to produce helium nuclei or nucleosynthesis
Radiation era
energy in the form of EM waves
Matter domination
matter began to dominate
electrons joined w/hydrugen and helium nuclei make small neutral atoms. if not, ions are produced
Heliocentrism
planets orbit the sun
Proponent of Heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus
Original proponent of Heliocentrism
Aristarcus
Geocentrism
ancient Greek
orbits earth
Geocentrism proponent
Claudius Ptolemy
Vortex theory proponent
Rene Descartes
Vortex theory
sun is at the center of a vast vortex
Collision theory proponent
Comte de Buffon and Georges Louis Leclerc
Collision theory
a comet striked the sun and then there, the planets were formed
Tidal theory
sun is approached by a star
Nebular theory proponent
Immanuel Kant
Nebular theory
gravitational swirling gas and dust forms the planets
Solar nebular theory
formation of our solar sistem came from a nebula
Solis for solar system is
latin term for Sun
Sun
yellow dwarf star thag brings light, made up of energy, has solar winds that hit the poles
Mercury
Closest planet, rocky planet with craters, fastest to revolve, looks like the moon
Venus
evening star, poisonus fog, thick atmosphere, silvery white in structure,filled with co2
Earth
most habitable planet,astronomical unit is 150 million km
Mars
red planet, has many iron in soul
2 moons phobos and deimos, 0.13% oxygen content
Jupiter
largest, giant ball of gas, has 80-95 moons
what is jupiter made of
hydrogen and ammonia
Saturn
has rings made of frozen gasses
saturn is made of what
hydrogen and helium
Uranus
Ecclectic, almost 90• tilt, cold and windy
Uranus is made up of
Hydrogen, Heelium, Methane
Neptune
bluish in color
Pluto
dwarf planet, can’t clear its neighboring region
Dwarf planets
Pluto, Makemake, Eres,Ceres,Haumea
Asteroids
remnants in space
Meteors
streak of light
Comet
icy body that can have diff colors
Meteor timeline
Meteoroid-Meteor-Meteorite
Birth of Stars and Galaxies
starts from dust and became nebula
Evidences of birth of stars
Galaxies moving away, CMB, Abudance of light elements
Galaxies moving away,red shift
Edwin hubble
Cosmic Microwave Background
Robert Willson and Arno Penzias
Trace amounts of Li and Be and Massive amounts of H and Hr
Abundance of light materials
Fate of Universe
Big Crunch or Bug Chill or Continue Forever
Big crunch
outward flight of galaxies will stop
Continue forever
Stop expanding
Big chill
continue to expand
Steady state theoru
no beginning bi end. a star dies, a new star replaces
Inflation theory
Flatness, monopule,Horizon
Flatness
things will appear flat
Monopule
production of magnetic poles
Horizon
things are so apart
1 light year
1 trillion
Laniakea Superclusters
immense heavens, great attractor of galaxies
Voyager Golden Recorder
116 images -record of earth
Voyager 1 happened in
Sept 1977
Voyager 2
August 1977
Local Galactic galaxies
Andromeda, Milky way, Triangulum
Relative dating
determine which rock came first
Absolute dating
radioactive dating
5 principles of relative dating
Superposition, Original Horizontality, Lateral Continuity, Cross cutting relationship, Inclusions
history repeats itself- changes in earths crust during geological history have resulted from action of continuous and unit processes
Uniformitarianism
Radiometric, amino acid dating,dendrochronology and thermoluminescence
Absolute dating
describes, which object is older
Relative data
Relative dating works best for
Sedimentary
Stratigraphy
Rock successions
Types of Fossils
Petrification, Compression, Mold and Cast, Preserved Remains
Petrification
form when minerals replace structure of organism
Compression
they are formed due to the burial of plant parts in sediments
Mold and Cast
3 dimensional
and preserve the surface contours of an organism
Mold
preserves a negative imprint of a surface, molder
Cast
preserves the external form that f organism, chocolate
Preserved remains
preservation of original skeleton and body parts
Newest epoch
Anthropocene epoch
Deciders of Epoch
Climate Magnetic Biologic Isotopic
Geologic time scale
divided into Eons, Era, Period, Epoch
Eons
largest division which can Epoch last up to hundreds of millions of years
-determined by prevelance of fossils
Eras
next longest
marks major shift inbthe types of fossils
types: Palezoic, Mesozoic, Zenozoic
Palezoic
Ancient
Mesozoic
Middle
Zenozoic
New
Periods
divisions with in an era
mark stages within era
where diff kinds of life existed
Epochs
shortest
divide periods into smaller units
Hadean Eon happened
4.6-4 billion years ago
Important events in Hadean eon
Earth coalesced, Primordial water, Earth meets moon, Core accretion, Magnetic field
We obtained a heat source and temp is too high
Hadean eon
Archean Eon important events
DNA is forning thru prokaryotes, Tectonic activities build continents, Prokaryotic bacteria emerging, Banded Iron Formation, Great Oxygenation event
Climate began to stabilize
Archean eon
First continent
Vaalbala
Oxygen was formed
Archean eon
Formed DNA
Archean eon
Proterozoic era events importnat
Oxygen crisis, First Eukaryotes, Snowball, Multifellular life began, Ozone stabilization
Killed cyanobacteria
Oxygen crisis in Proterozoic era
Snowball earth
Proterozoic Era
Ozone layer Thickened
Proterozoic era
Palezoic era time
540-252Million years
Paleozoic era important events
Cambrian explosion, Age of fishes and Amphibians, Carboniferous rainforest collapse, Permian-Triassic Extinction
Fishes existed
Palezoic era
Mesozoic era important events
Age of reptiles, conifers, dinosaurs. Pangea, Flowering plant, Transition coming
Mammals and birds came from
Reptile ancestors
Dinosaurs
Mesozoiz era
Pangea was formed in what era
Mesozoic Era
Cenozoic era
Dinosaurs became instinct, age of mammals, Modern earth, apes, stone ate, Homo Sapiens
Homosapiens
improved
Modernaization can have
Extinction
Ordovician Silurian extinction
reasons of lost fishes
Late Devonian extinction
Amphibians
Permian-Triassia extinction
The great dying, 96%
Triassic-Jurrasix
80% reptiles
Cretaceous-Paleogene
Dinosaur
Holocene extinction
reasons: habitat loss, poaching, climate
Tertiary and Quarternary periods
marked significant geologic, climatic, oceanographic, biological shifts
Five principal subdivision of T and Q period
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene and Piliocene
Earths landform evolved due to 100 million years of teconic plate actovity
Tertiary and Quarternary period
Himalayas emergence
Tertiary and Quartnernay
Homo sapiens and chimpanzees emerged
Tertiary
Land bridges that allowed two way migration
Quarternary
Ice covered earths surface diring Pleistocene Region epoch
Quarternary
Continents reached their locations
Quarternary
Quartnernary period began
2.58 million years ago
Covers less than 1% of geologic ts
Quarternary period
Pliocene appeared
Terriary period
Happened 541 million years ago
Cambrian
485.4 million years ago
Ordivician
Rock formation
Cambrian
Plate collision
Ordivician
Algae, Lichen, Cyanobacteria
Cambrian
Briophites, Eophites, Prototaxites
Ordivician
Trilobites, Brachiopods, Anomalocaris
Cambrian
First Cambrian Extinction
Cambrian
End Ordivician Extinction
Ordivician
Way hotter
Ordivician
Age of Early Life
Pre cambrian period
Atmosphere was formed
Pre cambrian
Forming of continents
Pre cambrian
4.5 billion years ago
Pre cambrian
Limited volcanoes
Pre cambrian
High emission of Carbon Dioxide
Pre cambrian
Sponges, cnidarians, annelids, flatworms,corals,jellyfisc
Pre cambrian
Also known as Cryptozoic
Pre cambrian
Prokaryotes
Pre cambrian
Silurian
443.8m years ago
0.54% of geologic time
Silurian
Age of fishes
Devonian
419.2 m years ago
Devonian
1.3% of geo time
Devonian
Formation of Single landmass Euramerica from Laurentia and Baltica
Devonian period
Marine life really
Devonian
Global cooling
Late devonian mass extinction
Generally warm and stable
Silurian
very warm and generally dry
Devonian
Super greenhouse climate conditions
Devonian period
Laurasia and Gondwana
Jurrasic
Landmasses moved, mountains formed, oceans emerged
Cretaceaous
Conifers dominated
Jurassic
Flowering plants
Cretaceous
Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction
asteroid struck near mexico
Greenhouse effect
Cretaceous
Missisipian period
358.9 million years ago
First major subdivision of Carboniferous era
Missisipian period
Limestone deposits in Laurasia
Missisipian
Conifer like trees
Missisipian
Golden age of sharks
Missisipian
Pennsylvanian period
323.2 million years ago
2nd major subdivision of the carboniferous period
Pennsylvanian
Non marine areas close to equator turned into coal swamps
Pennsylvaniaan period
Centipedes, Dragonflies
Pennsylvanian
Oxygen increase by 35%
Pennsylvanian
Cooling and drying
Pennsylvanian
Age of coal and oxygen
Pennsylvanian
Nicolas Steno
Geologic strata
