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Universe Flashcards

1
Q

Big Bang Theory proponent

A

Father Georges Henri Lemaitre

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2
Q

Origin of the Universe

A

Mythologies, Biblical, Scientific

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3
Q

ordinary matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, and other bodies (visible matter)

A

Baryonic Matter

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4
Q

matter that has gravity but do not emit light

A

Dark matter

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5
Q

the distance light can travel in a year; unit of length used to measure astronomical distance

A

Light Years

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6
Q

a source of anti-gravity; a force that counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand (proof: objects in the space are moving away from each other

A

Dark Energy

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7
Q

an early stage in the formation of a star resulting from the gravitational collapse of gases

A

Protostar

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8
Q

a nuclear fusion reaction responsible for the energy produced by the stars

A

Thermonuclear reaction

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9
Q

stars that fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores, outward pressure resulting from nuclear fusion is balanced by gravitational forces

A

Main Sequence Stars

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10
Q

smallest possible particle of matter

A

Quark

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11
Q

happens when Earth finishes one rotation

A

Extinction

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12
Q

a sign of typhoon in other planets

A

Red Spot

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13
Q

years to complete 1 revolution

A

2 billion years

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14
Q

composition of the universe

A

4.6% Baryonic Matter
26% Dark Matter
71.4% Dark Energy

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15
Q

Abundant elements

A

hydrogen, helium and oxygen

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16
Q

A sign that an object you are observing is moving away from you

A

Cosmological Red Shift

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17
Q

Remnants heat of the big bang

A

Cosmic Microwave Background

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18
Q

A vast empty space that consists of stars, nebulae, and other matter.

A

Universe

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19
Q

All started with a tiny, dense point that is packed with pure energy

A

Big Bang Theory

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20
Q

strengthen Big Bang

A

Oscillating Universe

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21
Q

The universe expanded but didn’t change its density

A

Steady State Theory

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22
Q

The universe is continuously expanding until time; Movement of the universe is said to be infinite

A

Inflationary Universe

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23
Q

inflation of the universe will stop

A

Big Freeze

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24
Q

the universe is just a clump, then it expanded (inflationary) then stopped (big freeze), but a gravity forced it to be crumpled.

A

Big Crump

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25
Q

There are multiple universe that are in existence like tiny bubbles in an open space

A

Multiverse

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26
Q

Distortion formed by mass

A

Gravity

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27
Q

Existence of charges was known even the existence of sub-atomic particles were discovered

A

Electromagnetic Force

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28
Q

repel the electron to nucleus

A

Weak Force

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29
Q

proton + neutron/nucleus

A

Strong Force

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30
Q

where the neutrons and protons are stored and they also make up most of the mass.

A

Nucleus

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31
Q

Another smaller particle was found which held the protons and neutrons together without repulsion

A

Pions

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32
Q

works like a particle collider, it has to reduce your body in subatomic pieces; however, since the strong forces has been disrupted, it is virtually impossible to bring back your structure

A

Teleportation

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33
Q

basic forces of nature are all combined in a single, powerful force; due to immense tension and energy, eventually they had to separate

A

PLANCK’S ERA

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34
Q

Plancks’ Era time

A

(0 – 10^-43 secs)

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35
Q

“Grand Unification Theory”; Gravity was divided from the group being the weakest force. As a result, cooling took place and a blanket of fog covers all space.

A

Gut Era

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36
Q

Gut Era time

A

(10^-43 – 10^-36 secs)

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37
Q

ELECTROWEAK ERA time

A

(10^-36 – 10^-10 secs)

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38
Q

The universe’s temperature cooled at approximate 10 K, the strong force became separate allowing condensation of the first particles formed

A

Electroweak Era

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39
Q

The basic forces were finally separated from one another, sub-atomic particles start to form because of the cooling. However, the formation was still unstable due to the presence of high energy

A

Particle Era

40
Q

Particle Era Time

A

(10^-10 – 10^-3 secs)

41
Q

ub-atomic particles went on to form heaver particles. Collectively, it is called as an ATOM/ The first element accidentally made was Hydrogen followed by Helium

A

Nucleosynthesis Era

42
Q

Nucleosynthesis era time

A

(10^-3 secs – 3 mins)

43
Q

the problem is the universe though cooled, is still hot to form stable atoms. Isotopes freely move through space. The free particles and photons were trapped within this hot ball of gas. After the universe has cooled more, the hot ball of gas disappeared, and the trapped photons are free, “Let there be light”

A

Nuclei Era

44
Q

Nuclei Era time

A

(3 mins – 500,000 years)

45
Q

formation and death of stars took place. Also the start of the formation of galaxies

A

Atomic Era

46
Q

Atomic Era time

A

(500,000 – 1 billion years)

47
Q

Galactic Era time

A

(1 billion years – present time)

48
Q

the forces has been distributed throughout the universe. Matter is still made up to this point.

A

Galactic Era

49
Q

Evidences that support Big Bang Theory

A

Edwin Hubble, CMB, Abundance of helium and hydrogen in the universe

50
Q

observed that the stars were away from its original position; concluded that galaxies are not stationary at all but constantly moving.

A

Edwin Hubble

51
Q

a radiation from outer space was observed which was said to be a relic from the initial expansion of the singularity; supports the high temperature that the universe had during the first events of the Big Bang.

52
Q

first elements formed

A

Hydrogen and helium

53
Q

A group of astronomical bodies bonded together by the gravitational pull of a star called Sun

A

Solar System

54
Q

Another name for Sun

55
Q

Revolution of 88 days

56
Q

1k temperature swings from day to night because there is no atmosphere to trap heat

57
Q

1/3 of Earth’s size

58
Q

1/3 of Earth’s distance from the Sun (0.39 Astronomical Unit)

59
Q

Retrograde rotation – sun rises in the west and sets in the east

60
Q

900 F at the surface due to a strong greenhouse effect

61
Q

No moon

62
Q

Revolution of 225 days

63
Q

About same size as Earth

64
Q

2/3 Earth’s distance (0.72 AU)

65
Q

Only planet known to support life

66
Q

Surface composed of 71% liquid water

67
Q

necessary for life on Earth

68
Q

Basis for the astronomical unit

69
Q

Natural Satellite (Luna)

70
Q

also known as Luna

71
Q

Appears red because of iron oxide or rust in its soil

72
Q

Has 2 moons

73
Q

2 moons of Mars

A

Deimos and Phobos

74
Q

Revolution of 2 years

75
Q

½ of Earth’s size

76
Q

1 ½ times as far from the sun (1.52 AU)

77
Q

Largest, most massive planet

78
Q

2 years to orbit the sun

79
Q

Has 17 known moons

80
Q

11 times larger than Earth

81
Q

5 times farther form the sun (5.19 AU)

82
Q

79 natural satellites

83
Q

Artificial satellite of Jupiter; legal wife of Jupiter

84
Q

Many ice rings made of ice that extends about 260,000 miles from the surface but are less than 1 mile thick

85
Q

19 known moons

86
Q

30 years to orbit the sun

87
Q

10 times larger than Earth

88
Q

10x further from the sun (9.5 AU)

89
Q

82 satellites

90
Q

Named from a Greek God

91
Q

21 known moons

92
Q

84 years to complete one orbit

93
Q

4x larger than Earth

94
Q

19x farther from the sun (19.1 AU)

95
Q

27 satellites

Earth Science (2 decks)

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