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Earth System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Made up of non-living materials in the planet

A

Geosphere

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2
Q

composed of rigid. brittle rocks

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

thinnest layer

A

Crust

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4
Q

Crust is made up of what

A

Silicon and Aluminum

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5
Q

2 types of crust

A

Oceanic and Continental

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6
Q

movement towards each other

A

convergent

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7
Q

moving away from each other

A

divergent

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8
Q

movement of the mantle

A

convection currents

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9
Q

rock type of oceanic

A

basalt

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10
Q

thickness of continental

A

5-70 km

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11
Q

state of oceanic and continental crust

A

solid

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12
Q

oceanic crust age

A

180 million years or younger

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13
Q

rock type of continental

A

granite

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14
Q

density of continental

A

less dense

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15
Q

density of oceanic

A

more dense

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16
Q

continental crust age

A

4 billion years or older

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17
Q

element composition of continental

A

oxygen, sodium, silicon, aluminum, potassium

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18
Q

elemental composition of oceanic

A

iron, magnesium, calcium

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19
Q

discontinuity that separates outer core and mantle

A

guttenburg discontinuity

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20
Q

thickest layer of the earth

A

mantle

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21
Q

materials of mantle

A

hot molten rocks

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22
Q

serves as a ?? for the plates

A

conveyor belt

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23
Q

semi-rigid layer in the middle mantle that flows like a hot fudge; reason why lithosphere is moving slowly

A

asthenosphere

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24
Q

discontinuity that separates that outer and inner core

A

bullen discontinuity

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25
Q

giant dynamo, reason why Earth rotates on its own axis

A

inner core

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26
Q

inner core is made up of ??

A

solid iron and nickel

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27
Q

outer core is made up of ??

A

molten iron and nickel

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28
Q

solid materials surrounded by liquid

A

inner core

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29
Q

full of liquid

A

outer core

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30
Q

the blue planet is ??

A

75% water and 25% land

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31
Q

3 components of hydrosphere

A

Freshwater, Saltwater, Cryosphere

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32
Q

3% of water

A

Freshwater

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33
Q

unusable since stored in a solid form

A

Ice

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34
Q

percentage of ice in freshwater

A

2.3%

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35
Q

water hidden in cracks and pores in rocks, sand, and soil below the surface

A

ground water

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36
Q

percentage of groundwater in freshwater

A

0.4%

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37
Q

a natural, underground water reservoir which is made of rocks, rock fragments and other permeable materials

A

aquifer

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38
Q

a layer of low permeability, usually made of clay or sand which prevents water from moving into another aquifer

A

aquitard

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39
Q

an impermeable layer, can be overlying or underlying, which creates pressure to contain groundwater

A

aquiclude

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40
Q

a moist terrestrial spot which indicates a presence of ground water

A

flush

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41
Q

constructed hole was drilled, breaking overlying aquicludes, leading to large supply of ground water

A

dug well

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42
Q

Common type of freshwater available for animal consumption

A

surface water

43
Q

percentage of surface water in freshwater

A

0.05%

44
Q

3 types of freshwater

A

perennial, ephemeral, manmade

45
Q

Common type of freshwater available for animal consumption

A

Surface Freshwater

46
Q

main source of usable freashwater

A

river

47
Q

sources of rivers

A

watershed and river basin

48
Q

a small piece of land which directs freshwater to small

A

watershed

49
Q

larger than watersheds, directly delivers the freshwater to a large river

A

river basin

50
Q

bodies of surface water that is available only through certain times of the year

A

Ephemeral Freshwater

51
Q

what affects Ephemeral freshwater

A

weather, current, and presence of groundwater

52
Q

bodies of surface water that is available only through certain tines of the year

A

ephemeral freshwater

53
Q

A body of freshwater surrounded by land. Its volume changes depending on the current or the tides.

A

lagoon

54
Q

Sloped piece of land in which water from streams are misdirected

A

creeks

55
Q

A strip of land in which freshwater from rivers are re-directed to harness energy from the current

A

dams

56
Q

Constructed to re-direct ground water and/or rainwater to a certain land usually for vegetation (Ex: Irrigation)

A

constructed wetlands

57
Q

percentage of atmosphere in freshwater

A

0.05%

58
Q

97% of water

A

saltwater

59
Q

high salt concentration water

A

saltwater

60
Q

low salt concentration water

A

freshwater

61
Q

ice

A

cryosphere

62
Q

boundary between the atmospheres

A

pause

63
Q

lowest and thinnest layer (16 km at equator, 8 km at poles)

A

troposphere

64
Q

90% of the atmosphere’s mass

A

troposphere

65
Q

Temperature decreases with altitude (6 C per km; topmost level has -50 C)

A

troposphere

66
Q

Where weather occurs

A

troposphere

67
Q

boundary b/n troposphere and stratosphere

A

tropopause

68
Q

less dense (less water vapor)

A

stratosphere

69
Q

Temperature increases with altitude

A

stratosphere

70
Q

Almost no weather occurrence

A

stratosphere

71
Q

Contains high level of ozone

A

stratosphere

72
Q

protection against UV lights; bouncing back or absorption

A

ozone layer

73
Q

upper boundary

A

stratopause

74
Q

Extends to almost 80 km high

A

mesosphere

75
Q

Gases are less dense

A

mesosphere

76
Q

Temperature decreases as altitude increases

A

mesosphere

77
Q

Gases in this layer absorb very little UV radiation

A

mesosphere

78
Q

coldest layer

A

mesosphere

79
Q

Thickest layer (contains ionosphere/aurora)

A

thermosphere

80
Q

Above the mesosphere and extends to almost 600 km high

A

thermosphere

81
Q

Temperature increases with altitude

A

thermosphere

82
Q

Readily absorbs solar radiation

A

thermosphere

83
Q

how does Aurora occur?

A

ions that are scattered in the thermosphere

84
Q

north aurora lights

A

Aurora Borealis

85
Q

south aurora lights

A

Aurora Australis

86
Q

Temperature can go as high as 1.5k C

A

thermosphere

87
Q

warmest layer

A

thermosphere

88
Q

Reflects radio waves

A

thermosphere

89
Q

from the core; protective barrier against the meteors and solar radiation

A

magnetosphere

90
Q

The interface between Earth and space

A

exosphere

91
Q

Atoms and molecules can escape to space (hydrogen and helium)

A

exosphere

92
Q

Man-made satellites are positioned in this area

A

exosphere

93
Q

Chlorine atom reacts with ozone (O3) molecules forming chlorine oxide (ClO) and oxygen gas (O2)

A

ozone depletion

94
Q

last year for reversible climate change

A

2030

95
Q

Made up of living materials in the planet

A

biosphere

96
Q

life requirements

A

energy source, liquid water, atmosphere, organisms

97
Q

utilize and convert energy to keep all cellular activities working

A

energy source

98
Q

main source of energy

A

sun

99
Q

directly converts Sun’s energy

A

producers

100
Q

uses the energy thru photosynthesis

A

consumers

101
Q

Breaks down the nutrients for the cell to use

A

liquid water

102
Q

Need protection from temperature and outside radiation

A

atmosphere

103
Q

Symbiotic relationship must be established among them to sustain life processes

A

organisms

Earth Science (2 decks)

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