Universal precautions Flashcards
Define OSHA
Occupational safety and health Administration (a federal agency that is responsible for protecting the health and safety of workers)
Define blood borne pathogen
Organisms that cause disease that are transmitted by blood (or other body fluids) from an infected individual to other people.
What are two most common blood borne pathogens
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)
What organ does hepatitis affect
Liver
Is there a vaccination for hepatitis B
Yes
What does CDC stand for
Center for disease control
There are four reasons for which the CDC recommend that a person receive the HBV vaccination?
*you are sexually active
*you share needles
*you are exposed or other potentially infectious materials
*you live with someone who is HBV+
How many shots are in the HBV series
3 shots
Has every student at MHS had the HBV vaccination
Yes
List 10 signs and symptoms of HBV
Fatigue(tired) anorexia/weight loss
Low grade fever
Aching muscles or joints stomach pain
Nausea
Diarrhea
Jaundice
Dark colored urine
Light colored stool
What does HIV stand for
Human immunodeficiency virus
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
What kind of virus is HIV
A retrovirus that destroys the body’s immune system leaving the body defenseless
Is HIV a homosexual disease only
No
Is there a cure for HIV
No
Is there a vaccine for HIV
No
Do people die from aids
Yes
List nine signs and symptoms of HIV
Persistent fatigue
Fever,night sweat,or shaking
Chills lasting several weeks or more
Sudden weight loss of over 10 pounds
Diarrhea for a period of several weeks
Lymphedema
Anorexia
Dry cough that doesn’t go away
Leukoplakia
Define universal precautions
A concept where blood and looks must be treated as if knows to be infections for HIV or other blood borne pathogens regardless of the precived “low risk” of a patient population
List all of the Modes of transmission of HBV and HIV
Vaginal oral and anal sex
*sharing needles
*working around contaminated body fluids
Sharing personal care items
Tattoos ear piercing and acupuncture with infected needles *neonatal infection during birth
*physical contact with blood or other infectious wastes
*breast milk of infected mother
What does it mean that “the universal precautions standard specifically applies”
If a person has HBV or HIV it will be in those fluids
Define personal protective equipment
A barrier worn to protect skin and clothing
List 5 PPE’s
Gowns
Mask
Gloves
Hair nets
Goggles
List all of the fluids that te universal precautions standard specifically applies
Blood
Semen
Vaginal secretions
Cerebrospinal fluid brain and spinal cord
-perusal fluid=fluid around your lungs
-pericardial= around heart
-peritoned fluid* palvic cavity
Ammunitic fluid=around baby
-synovial fluid= around joints
Unfixed tissues= keeps things from rotting pathogen
- organs contaminated with these fluids
List 6 body fluids that the universal precautions standard does not specifically apply
Tears
Sweat
Saliva
Mucus
Urine
Feces
Define exposure control plan
A method by which job responsibilities are evaluated to determine the risk of being exposed to a blood borne pathogen once it’s risk
Define engineering controls
A type of device that isolates or removes the hazard of blood borne pathogen
List three healthcare engineering controls
Splash shields
Impervious needles boxes for disposable
Retractable syringes
Define work practice controls
Reduces the likehood of r exposure by ensured that procedures are preformed by the safest techniques possible
List four work practice controls
Not recapping needles
*double bagging specimens
*opening lids away from your self or others
*not to fill sharps above the fill line
List the three methods that osha requires that healthcare facilities provide to keep their employees safe
Personal protective equipment (ppe)
*engineering controls
*work practice controls
Define BSI
Body substance isolation defines all body fluids as infectious and therefor uses PPES on all body fluids
What two groups was the hiv virus first introduced into the US through?
Homosexual
Intravenous IV drug users
