Universal Precaution

Question 1

– A set of practices used to prevent contamination of the bloodstream and surrounding tissues during venipuncture.

Answer 1

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

Question 2

– The practice of cleaning hands to remove microorganisms and prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene is critical before and after performing venipuncture to minimize the risk of cross-contamination.

Answer 2

HAND HYGIENE

Question 3

– Equipment worn by healthcare professionals to protect themselves and patients from exposure to infectious agents.

Answer 3

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Question 4

– Accidental puncture of the skin by a needle used during venipuncture, which can expose healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens, leading to infections.

Answer 4

NEEDLESTICK INJURY

Question 5

– Microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease when transmitted to another person. Common bloodborne pathogens include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Answer 5

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Question 6

– The process of killing or inactivating microorganisms on surfaces or equipment to prevent the spread of infection.

Answer 6

DISINFECTION

Question 7

– Devices designed to minimize the risk of needlestick injuries by covering or retracting the needle after use.

Answer 7

NEEDLE SAFETY DEVICES

Question 8

– Procedures used to maintain sterility and prevent contamination of equipment and supplies during venipuncture.

Answer 8

STERILE TECHNIQUE

Question 9

– The inadvertent introduction of microorganisms into blood culture bottles during venipuncture, leading to false-positive results.

Answer 9

BLOOD CULTURE CONTAMINATION

Question 10

– Guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to prevent the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, the use of PPE, safe injection practices, and environmental cleaning and disinfection.

Answer 10

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

Question 11

acquired in the course of medical care

Answer 11

Nosocomial

Question 12

infections contracted in an acute care hospital, patients in extended care facilities, outpatient clinics & behavioral health institutions.

Answer 12

Nosocomial

Question 13

cannot be present at admission; rather, it happens within 48 hours after you’ve entered the hospital.

Answer 13

Nosocomial

Question 14

also called as Hospital Acquired Infection

Answer 14

Nosocomial

Question 15

A nosocomial infection that results from a particular treatment or therapeutic procedure.

Answer 15

Iatrogenic

Question 16

may lead to physical, mental, or emotional problems or, in some cases, even death.

Answer 16

Iatrogenic

Question 17

: exo- “outside”, -genous “born from”
infection or disease originates outside the body
-When a commensal organism enter places it should not be
-When a pathogen comes from other source.

Answer 17

EXOGENOUS

Question 18

: endo- “within”, -genous “born from”
-infection or disease originates within body
-disease can occur when microbes included in normal bacterial flora enter a sterile area of the body such as the brain or muscle.

Answer 18

Endogenous

Question 19

refer to infectious illnesses that can be transmitted from person to person through various means, including direct contact, droplets, or contaminated surfaces.

Answer 19

Communicable diseases

Question 20

Communicable Diseases
Key Preventive Measures:

Answer 20

Vaccination
Hand Hygiene
Respiratory Hygiene
Safe Food Handling
Environmental Sanitation

Question 21

are microorganisms that cause disease.

Answer 21

Pathogens

Question 22

Four major groups of microorganisms are known to produce diseases are:

Answer 22

bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites

Question 23

If a microorganism is known to produce disease, it is called a _____

Answer 23

pathogenic microorganism

Question 24

are one-celled organisms with a typical nucleus. They both contain DNA and RNA. They come in various shapes and sizes and can cause disease through toxin production or direct tissue invasion

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

can enter the body through various routes, including inhalation of spores, ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected individuals, or through breaks in the skin.

Answer 25

Fungal pathogens

Question 26

: Yeast infections caused by Candida species, which can affect the mouth, throat, skin, genitals, and bloodstream.

Answer 26

Candidiasis

Question 27

Systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, especially those with HIV/AIDS.

Answer 27

Cryptococcosis

Question 28

infect people through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, and more. In medical settings, they can spread through contaminated equipment or contact with infected healthcare workers or patients.

Answer 28

Parasites

Question 29

are single-celled organisms classified under the kingdom Protista.

Answer 29

Protozoa

Question 30

are multicellular parasitic worms that belong to two main groups: flatworms (platyhelminths) example is Schistosoma mansoni, which causes schistosomiasis; and roundworms (nematodes) example is Ascaris lumbricoides, the giant intestinal roundworm.

Answer 30

Helminths

Question 31

are tiny infectious agents that cause various diseases. They spread through respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces, bites from infected vectors like mosquitoes, and from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

Answer 31

Viruses

Question 32

Two of the most common viruses in the medical field are:

Answer 32

1.Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Question 33

: Transmitted through blood or bodily fluids. Causes liver inflammation and can lead to liver cancer.

Answer 33

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Question 34

: Transmitted through sex, needles, or from mother to child. Attacks the immune system, leading to AIDS if untreated.

Answer 34

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)