Intro Flashcards
is the study of drug actions and drug interactions with living organisms. Medication awareness si very important because radiographers are often the first to observe the onset of medication responses that could have serious consequences.
Pharmacology
: a chemical agent capable of producing biologic responses in the body. The more general term that denotes a substance used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of a medication.
Drug
Response of a drug that si desirable.
Therapeutic
Response of a drug that is undesirable.
Adverse
This si the term for a drug that si administered already. Substances that
are prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effect.
Medication
Refers to an overwhelming feeling of physical need for a particular drug
that must b e met at all costs.
Addiction
It may be a physical or psychological need for a particular drug.
Dependence
identifies the actual chemical structure of the drug. It si often complex a n d is seldom of practical importance to the technologist.
Chemical name
Name given to the drug when ti becomes commercially available.
Generic name
Name given to a drug manufactured by a specific company. I
Brand name
It refers to the type of preparation or the manner in which the chemical agent is
transported into the human body.
Dose Forms
are the most common oral dose and one of the easiest to administer.
Tablet
is a dose form in which a powdered or liquid drug is contained in a gelatin shell. The gelatin shell dissolves in the stomach and releases its contents.
Capsule
The ____ route of administration may be used for either local or systemic effects (general aesthetics). _____ are used for their local effects in the treatment of asthma or COPD. ____ allow high concentrations to be deposited in the respiratory mucosa and exert action by producing bronchodilation or reducing inflammation.
Inhalants
It is a dose form shaped for insertion into a body orifice such as the rectum, vagina, or urethra.
Suppository
A _____ is a dose form in which one or more drugs are dissolved in a liquid carrier.
solution
It is a dose form in which one or more drugs in small particle are suspended in a liquid carrier.
Suspension
It is a dose form that permits a drug to be applied on the skin surface, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. The patch-like device containing the drug is applied to the skin with a water-resistant covering.
Transdermal patch
Derived from the drug opium or synthetic versions that mimic the chemical structure of opium. It interacts with neurotransmitters in the brain to block signals. They cause both intense feelings of pleasure and can block pain.
Opioids
It is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. It causes severe long-term damage to the liver.
Alcohol
These drugs function by interacting with a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric a c i d . These drugs impact the body and mind differently but generally create calming and sedative effects.
Benzodiazepines and barbiturates
These drugs accelerate the activity of CNS, making a person feel energized, focused, and alert for a long period of time. The converse reaction is that a person feels paranoid and angry.
Cocaine and other stimulants:
Mostly consumed through breathing, these drugs can exist in vapour form at room temperature. They tend to be less addictive than other substances but are dangerous.
Inhalants
Interacts with the CNS and alters the perception of time, reality, and space
Hallucinogen
: Affects the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and comes in different forms.
Cannabis
This refers to anything that has been created (in a laboratory) to mimic naturally occurring drugs.
New psychoactive substances
When the drug does not produce any chemical reaction or change in the cells of the body and the effect is only physical.
Physical mechanism
Drugs act by producing chemical reaction in the body.
Chemical mechanism
Macromolecules protein in nature which are target sites for drugs. Most drugs have to bind receptors to produce effects. Receptors are located mostly on the cell membrane but certain intracellular receptors are found
as well.
Drug-receptor interaction
These are the drugs which when bind to receptors, causes activation of receptors. They have the capacity to produce chain reactions in the
receptors which ultimately bring about the effects.
Agonist
: Binding of drug with the receptor is the same. Most of the drugs
binding receptors resemble the agonist but they cannot activate the
receptors, and also prevents agonist binding. Thus opposite effect occurs in case of agonist and antagonist.
Antagonist
It is similar to drug receptor interactions. These drugs resemble the natural substrates, bind enzymes and cause change in their activity. This may take place by: activation of enzymes and inhibition of enzymes.
Drug-enzyme interactions:
: The drug interferes with the flow of ions through the channels specific for these ions.
Drug-channel interactions
The drug effect occurs in immediate vicinity/area of which the drug is
applied or introduced.
Local effect
The effect takes place away from the site of administration.
Systemic effect
: It is the desired effect or the treatment of disease for which the drug
is given.
Primary effect
Al other effects occurring in addition are known as secondary effect.
When they are undesirable, these are called adverse or side effects.
. Side effect
