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Unit B > Units 7 & 1 > Flashcards

Units 7 & 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of ironising radiation

A 
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Xray
Neurons
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2
Q

Sources of Ionising radiation

A

Natural Radon Gas

Artificial
Nuclear industry (spontaneous radiative decay fishing)
Medical ( x ray)
Education and research (x ray)

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3
Q

Control measures for Ionising Radiation:-
External
Internal

A

External (gamma neutrons)
Time
Distance
Shielding

Internal (alpha beta)
Protect routes of entry
Absorption
Ingestion
Inhalation 
Injection
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4
Q

Legal requirements for Ionising radiation :-

A 
IRR 1999
Risk assessment
Restrict exposure
Maintenance /tests
Dose limits
Sealed sources
IITS
Appoint one or more RPA / RPS
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5
Q

What are the categories of OCC health Hazard

A

Chemical
Dusts, fibres, vapours and gases Asbestos

Physical
Noise, vibration, radiation

Biological
Fungus, bacteria

Psycho- Social
Substance misuse, Stress, Violence

Ergonomic
Posture
Workplace layout.

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6
Q

Give meaning of the term Health

A

A state of complete Physical, mental and social well-being, without injury or ill health

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7
Q

Give meaning of the term Occ Health

A

Concerned with the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, Mental and social wellbeing of all workers.

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8
Q

Prevalence by types of ill health

A 
M
Muscularskeetal  
A
Asbestos
S
Skin damage 
H
Hearing loss.
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9
Q

What is public Health

A

Public health outbreaks are epidemic or pandemic. They affect workplace, and the workplace impacts on them.

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10
Q

What sources of information does the HSE use for stats on ill health.

A

Riddor- reportable diseases

Death certs- asbestos and other lung related diseases.

Labour force survey- survey of private households.

Industrial injuries scheme- compensation to people disabled by industrial disease. DWP.

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11
Q

Give the meaning of the term vocational rehabilitation.

A

Whatever helps someone stay in, return to work or remain in work.

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12
Q

Occupations requiring fitness standards and tests.

A

Emergency services
Working at height
Confined space
Night shift workers

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13
Q

What are the basic principles of the bio social model

A

The bio-psychosocial model is a holistic model of health, acknowledging that the health condition is not the only factor that needs managing.

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14
Q

What the benefits of vocational rehabilitation to the employer and employee

A

Employer
Decreases in absence, so improve productivity

Health working environments can reduce absence of sickness and stress

Know as a caring employer- competitive edge

Retains experienced staff, saves money on recruitment.

Employees who are valued work harder and are more loyal (turnover)

Employee
Better physical, mental health.
Increase financial security

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15
Q

What should a return to work risk assessment include

A

Specific needs of individual with respect to ill health or disability

Design of the job, access to premises heating lighting and noise etc

Work equipment/ workstations

Health hazards that affect, chem respiratory etc

Work organisation, training needs etc

Psycho-social aspects violence, bullying stress etc.

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16
Q

What does the EA determine as disabled person ? And what are reasonable adjustments.

A

A physical or mental impairment, that has substantial and long term effects on the ability to do normal day to day activities.

Reasonable adjustments are tasks that avoid putting disabled workers at a disadvantage over non disabled workers such as:-

Holding interviews in wheelchair accessible room

Allowing guide and hearing dogs in the workplace

Adjustments to property and specialist equipment toilets on ground floor, ramps, ergonomic chairs.

17
Q

What is the difference between epidemic or pandemic ?

A

Epidemic- A contagious , infectious or viral illness that affects many people but is confined to one region.
Eg flu epidemic in America

Pandemic- same but spreads

18
Q

What is the make up of various occ health searvices

A

Full
Physician, occ health nurse
Clinics

Staffed by a nurse on shifts, visits by doctors and clinics

Outsourced

19
Q

Roles within occ health department

A

Physican/ doctor
Medicals
Health surveillance under coshh
Pre emp health assessment

Nurse
Compliance with h and S legislation 
Monitor health of employees 
Promoting good health activities 
Dealing with substance misuse
Health assessment after return to work for accident or ill health
Advising on ergonomic issues 
Providing advice and counselling

Advisor
Proviob of occ health services

Technician
New role

Hygienist
Principle aim is to prevent ill health by
Id the hazard
Assessment of risk
Measure risk and interpretation of results
Application and maintenance of control measures.
Iits

20
Q

Services offered by Occ health

A 
Pre employment pre placement screening
Health surveillance
Return to work rehab
Sickness absence management
Counselling
Risk assessments
Health education promotion
Providing advice
Treatment services and first aid
Management of infectious diseases
21
Q

What is health surveillance?
What are legal requirements for HS
And under what leg is health surveillance req?

A

Performed according to identifiable measurable risks such as airborne substances, noise vibration

Preliminary health checks are carried out to ascertain base line assessment, and that the person is suitable for the work (eg radiation)
Then regular screening ensures the workers health isn’t deteriorating.

There is a identifiable disease or health condition linked to the work, and
Valid techniques are available to detect it
Reasonable likelihood of the disease health effect may occur from the work
Surveillance is likely to further the protection to the workers exposed

MHSWR regs 199
COSHH 2002
CNAR 2005
Control of vibration regs 2005

22
Q

What is medical surveillance and who carries it out and legislation specifies medical surveillance ?

A 
Medical surveillance is determined by the person carrying out the surveillance. Its carried out by a relevant doctor ( appointed by emas or HSE)
Coshh 2002
Clar 2003
Car 2010
Ii a 1999
23
Q

What is a health needs assessment ? What are its benefits ?

A

HNA are carried out when workers identify concerns in occupational health, or safety.

Benefits
Data can be used to identify priority areas.
Results act as baseline measurement for change and progress.
Asking employees gives them ownership.

24
Q

What is the SEQOHS and what does it do ?

A

Safe Effective Quality Occupational Health service.

It regulates and sets out standards for a occupational health service. It has voluntarily accreditation.

25
Q

What is radon and where is it found ?

A

Radon is a naturally occurring source of radioactive gas, that can seep out of the ground.

26
Q

What are the main routes of entry for radon

A

Radon gas inhalation and ingestion.

Radon decay products cling to dust and moisture and become lodged in the lungs.
The decay products emit alpha particles.

27
Q

At what action level of radon does the IRR come into effect ?

What the control measures to reduce this level

A

400 Bq/m3 for (below ground)

200 Bq/m3 for domestic

Control measures

Procedural 
Risk assessment (reviewed 10 years if under or close to action level, more frequent if over)
Reduce occupancy 
Consult RPA
Engineering controls 
Protective membrane on the floor
Seal
Cracks in walls floors (airflow)
Radon voids (
Radon sump and pump (ppv)
28
Q

What does laser stand for

A

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

29
Q

What are routes of exposure for lasers

A

Light hitting the eyes or deflected onto the eyes.

Damage to the retina temp or permanent
Even at low power

Damage to the cornea and lens IR and UV

Blindness for high power.

Skin through burns, surface burns high power, and even deep tissue if powerful enough.

30
Q

Legal framework and controls for lasers

A

Control of artificial and optical radiation regs 2010.

Procedural
Risk assessment 
SSOW
Permits
Eliminate or control alarp
Health surveillance 
Medical examinations
LPA
Technical
Interlocks
Guards
Enclosures
Non reflective surfaces / paint
Screens /curtains

Behavioural
Sings
PPE
IITS

31
Q

Categories of laser

A

Class 1 low as under reasonably foreseeable use power cd players etc

Class 1 m
Same as 1 but beam not safe if (magnified) M

Class 1 c

Designed for skin (contact) C

Class 2
Lasers in visible range limited exposure to 1mw
Laser pointers bar code scanners

Class 2 m (magnified)

Class 3 R and B
Max power of 500mw
Hazardous to eyes both reflective and non reflective.
Physiotherapy and research

Class 4
High power over 500 mw
Skin eyes damage can cause fires
Metal cutters laser light shows.

32
Q

Explain the following exposure to radiation values

Radioactive becqureal

Absorbed dose rate Grey

Equivalent dose siervert

A

An estimate of the likely amount of radiation emitted

Measure of energy deposited by the radiation

Measure of the likely biological damage resulting from the radiation exposure

Equivalent dose and sivert is a weighted dose of the sum of the equivalent dose for each tissue added together, to give a whole body dose.

33
Q

What is half life and decay chains ?

A

The rate of which radioactive decay occurs is known as the half life. As decay happens one element os converted to another element and that is also radioactive so a decay chain is formed.

34
Q

Control measures and protection for UV and IR radiation and microwaves.

A

Eliminate as far as possible - explore alternatives

Other working methods which reduce the risk

Choose equipment that emits less radiation

Technical measures

Deign sitting a layout of work areas.

Limit time and distance

PPE

Manufacturers instructions

SSOW

Iits

Sings

Protection from uv

Shielding of the skin

Eye protection

Screened areas

Interlock systems

IR

Distance

Eye protection

Skin protection

Microwaves

Enclosure in metal structure

Access doors

Unit B (3 decks)

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