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Unit B > Units 6 And 2 > Flashcards

Units 6 And 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is 0 DB and 130 commonly known in thresholds

Why can’t noise sources be added together ?

A

0 db threshold of noise
130 db is threshold of pain

Because intensity levels are given on a logarithmic scale. and it measures pressure. You can’t simply add the figures together as 90db + 90db 180
Would cause instant deafness. You calculate an a combined dose if the sources are the same by adding three 90 + 90 = 93db which equates to the doubling of the sound.

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2
Q

Explain
Noise
Amplitude
Frequency

A

Noise is any unwanted sound

Amplitude is the intensity of the sound measures in DB

Frequency is the pitch measured in Hz

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3
Q

What is the A weighted scale?

A

A A weighted scale electronically assimilates sound pressure and mimics the human ears response across frequencies. This measurement of DB is a good indicates of the physical damage caused to hearing.

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4
Q

Describe how the ear converts sound to the brain

A

The ear transmits nerve impulses to the brain by detecting mechanical vibrations through the outer, middle and inner ear

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5
Q

Explain how the damaging effects of noise are related to the dose the ear recieves

A

The dose received the ear depends the level of noise and the duration of exposure. Short exposure to high levels is comparable to long exposure of low noise. Same damage is caused.

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6
Q

What is sensorineural and conductive hearing loss and what is the practitioner concerned with ?

A

Sensorium when the hairs in the cochlea are damaged, mainly to excessive occupational noise.

Conductive breakdown of the conductive mechanism of the ear, acute trauma explosion or gun shot

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7
Q

Explain threshold shift

A

A threshold shift is a reduction in a persons ability to hear, they need more sound intensity to stimulate the ear. Temp or permanent

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8
Q

Factors affecting audiometry

A

Technical limitations how accurately can the hearing be detected ?
Learning effect
Headphone fit

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9
Q

What is the hse 5 step to noise risk assessment ? L108

A

Is the a risk due to noise
Use noise data and manufacturers guidelines

Decide who can be harmed and how
Consider all workers not just the operators

Evaluate the risks and decide/ implement controls
Average noise exposure levels
Times of day 
Tasks 
Patterns of work
Duration of exposure

Record your findings
Ra and action plan

Review your findings
Changes, no longer valid or date

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10
Q

What considerations need to be considered when panning a noise survey

A

Who
Is affected
All that are exposed to the lower action value

Where
Every location a person walks through or spends time in

How
Take a measurement at the position occupied by the operators head

For how long
Measurements need to be sufficient to account for variations in the day.

Group sampling
Several workers in the same area

Mobile workers

Very short duration
Gunfire

Second more detailed survey
If the upper action value is exceeded in a location

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11
Q

4 measuring devices for noise

A

Basic sound level meter
For a short spot check (does not conform with cnar regs)

Islm integrated sound level meter
Complies with cnar class 2 instrument
Measures a and c weighting

Personal dosimeters
Worn by the person, small and records time and intensity of exposure

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12
Q

What are the lower and upper action noise level values for noise and what must be done at each level

A

The lower exposure and upper exposure action values are A weighted measures

80 db lower (A) 135 (C) peak sound pressure levels
At this level or up to the upper
IITs on risks of noise
Ear protection available bit not enforced
Health surveillance

85 upper (A) and 137 (C)
Ear defenders are last resort, noise must be reduced alarp
Designate hearing zones
Ensure hearing protection is worn and provided
Health surveillance

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13
Q

What is the Hierarchy of noise control ?

A

RAC.

Reduce noise at source

Change the source, relocate the source, re design the source, maintenance
Reduce sfarp below upper and ideally below lower value

Attenuate noise transmission
Reduce transmission before it reaches the worker 
Isolate source - anti vibration mounts
Acoustic barriers
Acoustic enclosures
Control noise exposure at receiver 
Acoustic havens
Hearing zones
Passive and active hearing pro
Limit exposure time 
HS audiometry
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14
Q

What are the three noise pathways ?

What are the three ways of reducing noise ?

A

Directly
Direct from the source to the person

Reflected
Some is reflected off surfaces

Transmitted
Some is transmitted through materials

Noise reduction at source
Attenuation in transmission
Control at the reciver

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15
Q

What are different types of ear protection ?

A

Ear plugs
Ear defenders
Noise cancelling headphones

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16
Q

What is meant by vibration dose

A

The amount of damage done by vibration is dependant upon the dose of vibration energy received.
A given dose of vibration energy will cause an equivalent degree of harm. The dose is determine by:-
Magnitude of vibration (rms) acceleration
Duration of exposure

17
Q

Give the range of effects vibration can have on the body.

A

When a person grips a particular object that vibrates, that vibration is transmitted through the hand and into the body. This is commonly known as HAVs. It effects the nerves, the muscles and the circulation.

Whole body vibration:- can be felt when the body is supported on a vibrating surface eg transport effects are principally back pain.

18
Q

Describe the condition of vibration induced white finger

A

Early stages vibration causes numbness and slight tingling in the fingers. With further exposure the tips of one or more fingers suffer blanching, and this will continue to the base of the finger with further exposure. After about an hour the fingers become flushed and is accompanied by considerable pain.
There is reduced sensitivity to temperature, pressure, pain and less manipulative ability.

19
Q

List workers associated with HAV

A

Percussive metal work tools

Rotary tools and grinders

Percussive hammers and drills

Chainsaws

20
Q

Which workers may be effected by WBV

A

Drivers of heavy vehicles/ operators heavy machines, FLT’s, aircraft. People operating vehicles over rough terrain.

21
Q

What is CVAR 2005 definition of HAV

And whole body vibration

A

Mechanical vibration transmitted into the hands and arms during a work activity

Mechanical vibration transmitted into the body, when seated or standing, through the supporting surface during work activities

22
Q

Briefly explain

Amplitude

Frequency

Acceleration

Vibration magnitude

Vibration Direction

A

Amp
The distance i metres from the point of rest to the point of maximum displacement in either direction

Frequency
Cycles per second in Hz

Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity of a vibrating object (m/s 2) measuring vibration magnitude

Vibration magnitude
Vibration magnitude is expressed in terms of acceleration.

Vibration direction
With complex vibrating objects there may be displacement in all three dimension xyz
Adding these dimensions together contribute to the overall vibration recieved by hand and body

23
Q

What is the daily dose received by a worker expressed as

A

The dose is determined the magnitude of vibration and the duration of exposure.

The eight hour energy equivalent vibration magnitude or A (8)

CVR equations in regs
HSE calculator
Hse ready reckoner

24
Q

What is the five step approach to vibration risk assessment

A

Look to see wether vibration exposure might be a problem that needs to be managed and identify likely havs and WBV exposure

Identify all workers at risk

Evaluate the risks and decide on controls to comply with the regs

Record your findings

Review your findings

25
Q

What must you consider when planning a vibration survey ?

A

Who should be assessed
All workers at risk

Where
For havs measures are taken at the gips
For WBV the surface that is being stood on or sat on.

How
Accelerometer to take actual readings. Or published data may be used.

For how long
Sufficient account fir variations in magnitude that would naturally occur during the working day

Group sampling
If several workers work on the same task it would be possible to measurements for all on one.

26
Q

What sources of published data are available for Vibration

A

Manufacturers data of tools, equipment and machinery

Trade associations who have experience in the process and equipment in use

Peer organisations (same industry)

The HSE who publishes guidance on the typical vibration magnitude with various equipment and processes

27
Q

What the action values for HaV
And WBV

What must employers do when action values are reached ? And limit is reached

A

Hav daily exposure limit is 5m/s2 A (8)

The daily exposure action value is
2.5

WBV daily exposure limit is 1.15
The action value is 0.5

Action values reached
Reduce exposure alarp by organisational
And technical measures ( in line with principles of prev mhswr 1999)

Provide HS
Iits

Above limit value
Immediately reduce exposure below limit value
Ident reasons for reaching it
Prevent it being exceeded again

28
Q

Practical control

Measures for vibration ?

A

Elimination

Equipment selection

Care and maintenance

Reduced time exposure

Iits

Ppe

29
Q

What are the three main parts of the circulatory system

A

The heart the pump

The blood vessels, The pipes to carry fluid

The valves with regulate pressure / fluid flow

30
Q

What is meant by local effects and systemic effects ?

A

Local effects are confined to specific areas of the body where contact with the chemical occurs. Systemic effects occur at target organs or target systems of the body distant from the site of contact ie lead enters the body and is moved around the cicculatory system in the blood.

31
Q

What is the purpose of the retina ?

A

Light strikes the retina, electrical impulses are generated and transmitted via the optical nerve to the brain.

32
Q

What is the difference between inhailable and respirable dust ?

A

Inhailable dust is he total amount of dust inhaled through the nose and mouth when breathing.

Respirable dust is the fraction which penetrates to the gas exchange region of the lungs. This is usually particles less than 10 microns.

33
Q

What is the GHS

What are the health hazard classes / statements

A

This is the globally harmonised system
Of labelling and classification of chemicals. Is it a non legally binding system where chemical will have the same symbol world wide.

Acute toxicity

Skin corrosion and irritation

Carcogenicity

Serious eye damage and eye irritation

Germ cell mutagencity

Respiratory or skin sensitisation

Specific target organ toxicity

34
Q

What is the REACH regs and under this what must suppliers and manufacturers supply with dangerous Substances ?

A

Registration, evaluation , Authorisation of chemicals. Must supply a SDS of MSDS
When supplying chemicals of 1 tonne or more
Register with echs euro chem agency

35
Q

Article 32 under reach requires a SDS, what 16 bits of information are required on an SDS ?
Or what can this be summarised as ?

A 
F fire fighting and first aid measures
A accidental release measures
C composition/ ingredients
T  toxicological info 
O other info
R Regulatory info
I identiction of the substance/ mixture and company 
S stability and reactivity
E exposure controls/ personal protection
D disposal considerations 
H hazards id, handling and storage
P physical and chemical properties

Summarised as :- Splatch W

Basic properties eg physical, chemical etc
Components and overall hazrads
Disposal and transportation
What to do when things go wrong
How to stop things going wrong
Labelling and regulatory info
Supplier details
Anything else
36
Q

What is the meaning of toxicity and name some hazardous substances ?

A

The ability of a substance to cause harm to human tissue

Co
Asbestos
Lead etc

37
Q

Factors to consider when assessing health risk, COSHH

Assessment ?

A 
Gather info about substances in the workplace
Evaluate the risk
Decide on control
Record 
Review

The risk assessment must consider a range of factors :- UPWINDS CEM

Duration and frequency of exposure
Numbers of people

Effects of mixtures :- antagonistic one my reduce toxicity of other, additive is the opposite,
Synergy one may enhance the other

Unusual activities
Cleaning, maintenance emergencies

WEL’s

Existing controls

Surveillance and monitoring
Health surveillance

Individual susceptibility 
Atopic individuals (asthma excema
Women of child bearing
Children
Young workers
Sensitisation
38
Q

What are the additional control measures for carcinogens And mutagens?

A

Totally enclose the process

Prohibit smoking and eating

Clean walls, floors and other surfaces

Suitable warning sings

Store handling and dispose carcinogen and mutagens safely

39
Q

What factors effect the attack on human body by hazardous substances?

A

Physical form
And Routes of entry

Solubility
Soluble with water it can
Enter the blood stream

Validity

Unit B (3 decks)

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