units 5 + 6 | revolutions and consequences of industrialization (1750-1900) Flashcards
1
Q
industrialization
A
- britian (18th century)
- machine made productions
- spread to russia, south + east asia, and the americas by the end of the 19th century
1
Q
the enlightenment
A
- western european development
- scientific study and intellectual reason
- individual rights
- freedom of spreech, participation in government
- influenced american + french revolutions
2
Q
capitalism
A
- from the enlightment and attached to the industrial revolution
- private investors invent in profitable activities
- scotsman adam smith
3
Q
marxism
A
- mid 19th century by karl marx
- alternative to capitalism
- close gap between rich and poor
- poor should overthrow the rich
- government controls production to benefit the masses
4
Q
nationalism
A
- belief that people with one similar cultural background should be united in one nation
- western europe, 19th century
- began wars for independence
5
Q
age of revolutions
A
- western europe, 19th century
- inspired by enlightenment and french revolution
- latin america revolted against european control
6
Q
imperialism
A
- europe, russia, japan, and the US had colonies everywhere
- britain had colonies in half of aafrica + south and se asia
7
Q
social darwinism
A
- strong nationalist ideas
- europe believed that it was socially and morally superior to those they conquered
- darwin’s “survival of the fittest” from the animal world
8
Q
resistance to western hegemony
A
- hegemony: dominance or control
- africa and asia fought
- chinese tried to stop british opium trade
- india formed national congress to promote self rule
9
Q
meiji restoration
A
- japan to compete with west’s power
- reorganize government in 19th century
- westernized base and society
10
Q
19th-century migrations
A
- industrial revolution made ocean travel safe and cheap
- revolutions and poor living conditions led europeans and south + east asians to move to the americas
11
Q
indentured servitude
A
- person exchanges their work for a period of time in exchange for transportation and necessities then freed
- replaced by slavery
- south asians to south africa + caribbean for agriculture work
12
Q
open door policy
A
- early 20th century
- us, japan, and europe shared open access to trade with china
- sign of arrival of the us in global affairs
13
Q
“second’ industrial revolution
A
- last half of 19th century
- focus on electricity, chemistry, transportation, and steel
