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SPH 3U > Units 4-6 > Flashcards

Units 4-6 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain Right Hand Rule #1

A

The thumb points in the direction of the conventional flow (negative to positive) the curved fingers show the magnetic field around conductor

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2
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

The ability to do work

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3
Q

What is the definition of work?

A

the transfer of one form of energy to another

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4
Q

What are the requirements for work to occur?

A
  1. Displacement must occur
  2. force must be applied
  3. force and displacement must be in the same direction
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5
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it simply changes from one form to another.

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6
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

The rate at which work is being done

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7
Q

State the molecular kinetic theory

A
  1. all matter is made up of atoms, these atoms group up to form molecules
  2. atoms/molecules exert forces on one another to keep them a certain distance apart by repulsing or attracting
  3. The distance between molecules and strength of force determines their state: solid, liquid, or gas
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8
Q

What is conduction? with example

A

The process of transferring heat by particle collisions. ie cooking with a metal coat hanger when the heat travels up the rod

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9
Q

what is a conductor?

A

a material that readily transfers electrons

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10
Q

What is an insulator?

A

a material that resists the transfer of heat energy

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11
Q

What is convection? with example

A

The process of transferring heat by a circulation path of fluid eg: a room in a house

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12
Q

What is radiation? with example

A

the transfer of heat through a wave in the form of electromagnetic radiant energy eg: microwave

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13
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a particle by 1 degree Celsius

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14
Q

What is electricity?

A

the flow of electrons

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15
Q

What is the law of electric charges?

A
  1. Opposite charges attract
  2. Like charges repel
  3. Charges objects attract some neutral objects
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16
Q

Explain charging by friction

A

electrons are stripped away by one material to another

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17
Q

Explain charging by contact

A

when 2 objects come in contact with each other their charges will balance

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18
Q

Explain charging by induction

A

it is the process of forcing electrons out, the materials are brought close together but they do not touch, the an exit route for the electrons is added eg: finger, this process allows us to make a positive charge

19
Q

What is current?

A

The rate of electron flow

20
Q

What is DC current?

A

direct current, the flow of electrons from “posts” on a battery

21
Q

What is AC current?

A

Alternating current, electrons move left and right and pass energy through the wire.

22
Q

What is voltage?

A

The potential difference between 2 points

23
Q

What is resistance?

A

the opposition of electron flow

24
Q

What is Kirchhoff’s current law?

A

the total amount of current into a junction point of a circuit equals the total current that flows out of that same junction

25
Q

What is Kirchhoff’s voltage law?

A

the total of all electrical potential decreases in any complete circuit loop is equal to any potential increases in that circuit loop. you must use all energy before returning to the battery

26
Q

Explain the domain theory

A

large magnets are made out of smaller magnets called domains, the domains are made up of even smaller magnets called dipoles, dipoles are north and south, when aligned the substance is magnetic

27
Q

What is the law of magnetic forces?

A

Like magnetic poles repel, opposite poles attract

28
Q

Explain 3 magnetic phenomena

A
  1. Permanent and temporary magnetism - some materials demagnetize easily, others maintain their magnetic domains
  2. Reverse magnetization - a magnet can have it’s polarity reversed
  3. Breaking a large magnet can create smaller magnets
29
Q

Explain why there are both right and left hand rules

A

physicists believe that current flows from positive to negative (conventional flow), chemists believe that electricity flows from negative to positive (electron flow) creating the left hand rules

30
Q

Explain right hand rule #1

A

grab conductor with right hand, the thumb points in the direction of conventional flow, the fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field around conductor

31
Q

Explain right hand rule #2

A

Grab coiled conductor with right hand so that the curved fingers point in the direction of conventional flow, the thumb points to the north end pf the electromagnet.

32
Q

Explain right hand rule #3

A

open right hand so that fingers point in direction of the uniform magnetic field, (north heel, south fingertips) rotate hand so that thumb points in the direction of conventional flow, the palm indicates direction of force

33
Q

What is the motor principle?

A

when two magnetic fields interact they produce a force, RHR #3

34
Q

What is longitudinal vibration?

A

when an object moves back and forth parallel to its rest point ie: mass hanging from spring

35
Q

What is transverse vibration?

A

when an object moves back and forth perpendicular to its rest position ie: swinging on a swing

36
Q

What is frequency?

A

the number of cycles per second unit = Hz

37
Q

What is period?

A

the time required for one cycle to occur unit = seconds

38
Q

How does sound occur?

A

sound is a longitudinal wave which requires a medium to occur - sound could not occur in space

39
Q

What is the absorption of sound waves?

A

sounds energy is quickly dissipated by being transformed into other types of energy eg: wall cross section

40
Q

What is the transmission of sound waves?

A

the passing of sound energy from one medium to another at “medium boundary”

41
Q

what is the reflection of sound waves?

A

sound energy can hit a surface and bounce back onto itself, however there are two different types fixed end reflection and free end reflection.

42
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

multiple waves are in cycle which enhances the amplitude of the crest or trough

43
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

multiple waves are in cycle which decreases the amplitude of a crest or trough

SPH 3U (2 decks)

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