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SPH 3U > Unit 1-3 > Flashcards

Unit 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

The study of matter

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more different particles mixed together

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4
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

only 1 type of particle present

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5
Q

What is accuracy?

A

How close to actual number

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6
Q

What is precision?

A

When values are close together

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7
Q

When using standard notation where does the atomic mass value and atomic number value go?

A

Atomic number = bottom left

Atomic mass = top left

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8
Q

Why do elements react with each other?

A

To obtain a stable octet

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9
Q

How do ionic compounds achieve a stable octet?

A

transfer electrons, one forms cation, one forms an anion

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10
Q

How do covalent compounds achieve a stable octet?

A

they share electrons

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11
Q

List 3 properties of ionic compounds

A
  1. Higher melting points
  2. usually dissolves in water
  3. conducts electricity when dissolved/melted
    EN>1.7
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12
Q

List 3 properties of Non-Polar molecules

A
  1. equal sharing of electrons throughout the molecule
    2.low melting point
  2. doesn’t dissolve in water
    EN<0.5
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13
Q

List 2 properties of polar molecules

A
  1. unequal sharing of electrons
  2. properties between ionic and non-polar molecules
    EN>0.5<1.7
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14
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons in a bond. weak pull bottom left, strong pull top right

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15
Q

What is atomic size periodic trend?

A

the trend is that the element with the largest atomic size is in the bottom left and the element with the smallest atomic size is in the top right

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16
Q

What is ionization energy? what is the trend?

A

the amount of energy required to pull an electron off an atom.
bottom left = smallest amount of energy required
Tom right = largest amount of energy required

17
Q

What is electron affinity? what is the trend?

A

the measure in change in energy that occurs when an electron is added to the outer energy level (form an anion)
bottom left = smallest change in energy
top right = largest change in energy

18
Q

Name the first 10 naming prefixes

A 
1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra 
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca
19
Q

What are the wordings of the poly atomic ions when there are:
1 less oxygen, 2 less oxygen, 1 more oxgen

A

1 less = “ite”
2 less = “hypo_____ite”
1 more = “per___”

20
Q

What are the diatomic elements?

A

HOFBrINCl

21
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

element + element –> compound

22
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

compound –> element + element

23
Q

What does CO3 decompose into?

A

CO2 + O

24
Q

What is a single displacement reaction?

A

Compound + element –> compound + element

the similar element switches places (check activity series to see if reaction occurs)

25
Q

What is a double displacement reaction?

A

Compound + compound –> compound + compound

similar elements switch places (check solubility guidelines need solid, liquid or gas to form

26
Q

How do you calculate average atomic mass?

A

{1st mass(%) + 2nd mass(%)} divided by 100 unit is amu

27
Q

What is the “mole” defined by?

A

of C-12 atoms in 12g of C-12

28
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.022x10^23 (Na)

29
Q

What does “n” stand for?

A

of moles

30
Q

how do you solve for “n”

A

N/Na=n or m/mm=n

31
Q

What does N stand for?

A

covalent = molecules
ionic = formula units
element = atoms
in general = particles

32
Q

What does m stand for?

A

mass (g)

33
Q

what does mm stand for?

A

molar mass aka the mass of the entire compound (unitd are g/mol

34
Q

what is the formula for percent composition?

A

(mass of element/mass of compound)(100)

35
Q

What are the steps to calculate empirical formula? (think happy birthday)

A
  1. Percent to Mass
  2. Mass to Moles
  3. Divide By Small
  4. Multiply Til Whole

SPH 3U (2 decks)

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