Unit 1-3 Flashcards
What is chemistry?
The study of matter
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and volume
What is a mixture?
Two or more different particles mixed together
What is a pure substance?
only 1 type of particle present
What is accuracy?
How close to actual number
What is precision?
When values are close together
When using standard notation where does the atomic mass value and atomic number value go?
Atomic number = bottom left
Atomic mass = top left
Why do elements react with each other?
To obtain a stable octet
How do ionic compounds achieve a stable octet?
transfer electrons, one forms cation, one forms an anion
How do covalent compounds achieve a stable octet?
they share electrons
List 3 properties of ionic compounds
- Higher melting points
- usually dissolves in water
- conducts electricity when dissolved/melted
EN>1.7
List 3 properties of Non-Polar molecules
- equal sharing of electrons throughout the molecule
2.low melting point - doesn’t dissolve in water
EN<0.5
List 2 properties of polar molecules
- unequal sharing of electrons
- properties between ionic and non-polar molecules
EN>0.5<1.7
What is electronegativity?
The measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons in a bond. weak pull bottom left, strong pull top right
What is atomic size periodic trend?
the trend is that the element with the largest atomic size is in the bottom left and the element with the smallest atomic size is in the top right
What is ionization energy? what is the trend?
the amount of energy required to pull an electron off an atom.
bottom left = smallest amount of energy required
Tom right = largest amount of energy required
What is electron affinity? what is the trend?
the measure in change in energy that occurs when an electron is added to the outer energy level (form an anion)
bottom left = smallest change in energy
top right = largest change in energy
Name the first 10 naming prefixes
1 = mono 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca
What are the wordings of the poly atomic ions when there are:
1 less oxygen, 2 less oxygen, 1 more oxgen
1 less = “ite”
2 less = “hypo_____ite”
1 more = “per___”
What are the diatomic elements?
HOFBrINCl
What is a synthesis reaction?
element + element –> compound
What is a decomposition reaction?
compound –> element + element
What does CO3 decompose into?
CO2 + O
What is a single displacement reaction?
Compound + element –> compound + element
the similar element switches places (check activity series to see if reaction occurs)
