Units 4, 5, 7, 8

Question 1

Chloroplast

Answer 1

Helps plants with the photosynthesis process; convert light energy into chemical energy

Question 2

Chlorophyll molecules thrive in…

Answer 2

Bright light

Question 3

Cellulose

Answer 3

Protects the cell and cell wall

Question 4

Central Vacuole

Answer 4

large, single, membrane-enclosed sacs

Question 5

Tonoplast

Answer 5

membrane of the vacuole

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

change shape, mechanical strength, maintain shape, movement, cell division

Question 7

Microfilaments

Answer 7

small in size

Question 8

Microtubules

Answer 8

larger in size

Question 9

Nucleolus

Answer 9

synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

consist of RNA, bind mRNA, transfer RNA

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

consists of protein, RNA, and DNA

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

gel-like fluid inside cell

Question 13

Endomembrane System

Answer 13

a network of organelles that exchange materials through small membrane-enclosed transport vesicles

Question 14

Smooth ER vs. Rough ER

Answer 14

smooth ER lacks ribosomes while rough ER has many ribosomes

Question 15

Golgi Complex

Answer 15

Also known as the Golgi apparatus; processes, sorts, and modifies proteins

Question 16

Three areas of a Golgi stack:

Answer 16

Cis face
Trans face
Medial region

Question 17

Cis face

Answer 17

entry surface

Question 18

Trans face

Answer 18

exit surface

Question 19

Medial region

Answer 19

in between

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

small sacs of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of animal cells (hydrolytic enzymes)

Question 21

Phospholipids

Answer 21

amphipathic molecules with distinct hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 22

Passive transport

Answer 22

transportation DOWN a concentration gradient
Move from HIGH to a LOW concentration

Question 23

Examples of passive transport include:

Answer 23

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

Question 24

Active Transport

Answer 24

require energy in the form of ATP, transport against the concentration gradient
Move from a LOW to a HIGH concentration

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 26

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 26

In the cytosol

Question 27

What are the starting molecules of Glycolysis

Answer 27

1 glucose, 2 ATP, 4 ADP, 2 NAD+

Question 28

What are the products of Glycolysis

Answer 28

2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

Question 29

Where does the intermediate stage take place?

Answer 29

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 30

What are the starting molecules of the intermediate stage?

Answer 30

CoA, pyruvate, NAD+

Question 31

What are the products of the int. stage?

Answer 31

Acetyl CoA, CO2, NADH

Question 32

Where does the electron transport chain phase take place?

Answer 32

Mitochondrial cristae

Question 33

What are the starting molecules of the ETC?

Answer 33

NADH, FADH2, O2, ADP, P

Question 34

What are the products of the ETC?

Answer 34

ATP, H2O, NAD+, FAD

Question 35

How many ATP are generated in each stage?

Answer 35

Glycolysis=2 Int. Phase=0 CAC=2 ATP ETC= 36-38

Question 36

Where does the CAC take place?

Answer 36

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 37

What are the starting molecules of the CAC phase?

Answer 37

Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD, ADP, P

Question 38

What are the products of the CAC phase?

Answer 38

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

Question 39

Oxidation

Answer 39

lose a H

Question 40

Reduction

Answer 40

Gain a H