Unit 1: Intro to Biology

Question 1

What are the 5 major themes of Biology?

Answer 1

1. Interaction
2. Interrelated structure and function
3. Transfer of information
4. Transfer of energy
5. Population change (EVOLUTION)

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

Transmitted within cells, among cells, from one generation to the next

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Cells formed by the division of previously existing cells

Question 4

How do Multicellular organisms differ from Unicellular organisms?

Answer 4

Form tissues, organs, and organ systems

Question 5

What is the function of a Plasma Membrane?

Answer 5

Protects the cell and regulates passage

Question 6

What is the function of Organelles?
Examples?

Answer 6

Internal structures of cells that perform specific functions.
Ex: Golgi complex, Rough ER, Mitochondria

Question 7

What is the difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells are exclusively bacteria and archaea, have no nucleus or organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound organelles.

Question 8

Cell division

Answer 8

increase in size of individual cells

Question 9

What is the difference between Anabolism and Catabolism?

Answer 9

Anabolism is the synthesis of complex compounds (store energy).
Catabolism is the breaking (or releasing) of complex compounds (ex: shiver, sweat)

Question 10

Estivation

Answer 10

Dormancy period during a hot and dry season

Question 11

Torpor

Answer 11

A state of mental and physical inactivity (short period)

Question 12

Asexual

Answer 12

variation by mutation

Question 13

Sexual

Answer 13

fusion of an egg and sperm

Question 14

List the order of Biological Organization

Answer 14

Chemical bond, cellular level (cell), tissue, organ system, organism….

Question 15

Autotroph

Answer 15

Produce their own food (auto-self)

Question 16

Heterotrophs

Answer 16

receive their energy from consuming producers

Question 17

What are Darwin’s 4 Observations?

Answer 17

1. Variation
2. Reproduction
3. Population growth
4. Differential survival

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

a group of two or more ATOMS held together by chemical bonds

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

two or more different types of ELEMENTS formed together

Question 20

Covalent Bonds

Answer 20

share electrons between atoms to fill each atom’s valence shell

Question 21

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 21

relatively weak bonds (very important to living organisms)

Question 22

Hydrophilic

Answer 22

Substances that easily interact with water (water-loving)

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Substances are not soluble in water (water-fearing)

Question 24

Organic Compounds

Answer 24

formed by covalently bonded carbon atoms

Question 25

Carbon Atoms

Answer 25

form bonds with more elements than any other atom

Question 26

Hydrocarbons

Answer 26

can exist as branched/unbranched chains,or rings

Question 27

Isomers

Answer 27

same form, different structure (one inactive, one active)

Question 28

Macromolecules

Answer 28

consists of thousands of atoms

Question 29

Atomic Number

Answer 29

Number of protons

Question 30

Atomic Mass

Answer 30

Sum of protons and neutrons

Question 31

Name the three Disaccharides

Answer 31

Maltose, Sucrose, and Lactose

Question 32

Function of Lipids:

Answer 32

energy source, absorb nutrients, insulation, cushioning

Question 33

Types of Lipids:

Answer 33

Phospholipids, carotenoids, steroids, waxes, fats,

Question 34

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 34

liquid at room temp; plant sources; oils

Question 35

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 35

solid at room temp; animal sources; butter&lard

Question 36

Proteins

Answer 36

macromolecules composed of amino acids

Question 37

What determines what a cell looks like and how it functions?

Answer 37

characteristic forms, distributions, and amounts of proteins

Question 38

Dipeptide

Answer 38

two amino acids combined

Question 39

Polypeptide

Answer 39

a long chain of amino acids (more than two)

Question 40

Peptide bond

Answer 40

a covalent (carbon-nitrogen bond)

Question 41

What is the structure of polypeptide bonds

Answer 41

twisted or folded 3-D shape

Question 42

Nucleic Acid

Answer 42

transmits hereditary information and determines what proteins a cell manufactures

Question 43

Nucleotide

Answer 43

polymer, made up of: 1. a five-carbon sugar 2. one or more phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base

Question 44

Nitrogenous base

Answer 44

a double-ring purine or single-ring pyrimidine

Question 45

DNA Nitrogenous bases

Answer 45

A,G- Purines/T,C-Pyrimidines

Question 46

RNA Nitrogenous bases

Answer 46

A,G-Purines/U,C-Pyrimidines