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Biology 111 > Unit 1: Intro to Biology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Intro to Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 major themes of Biology?

A
  1. Interaction
  2. Interrelated structure and function
  3. Transfer of information
  4. Transfer of energy
  5. Population change (EVOLUTION)
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2
Q

Genetics

A

Transmitted within cells, among cells, from one generation to the next

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3
Q

Mitosis

A

Cells formed by the division of previously existing cells

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4
Q

How do Multicellular organisms differ from Unicellular organisms?

A

Form tissues, organs, and organ systems

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5
Q

What is the function of a Plasma Membrane?

A

Protects the cell and regulates passage

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6
Q

What is the function of Organelles?
Examples?

A

Internal structures of cells that perform specific functions.
Ex: Golgi complex, Rough ER, Mitochondria

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7
Q

What is the difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells are exclusively bacteria and archaea, have no nucleus or organelles.
Eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound organelles.

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8
Q

Cell division

A

increase in size of individual cells

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9
Q

What is the difference between Anabolism and Catabolism?

A

Anabolism is the synthesis of complex compounds (store energy).
Catabolism is the breaking (or releasing) of complex compounds (ex: shiver, sweat)

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10
Q

Estivation

A

Dormancy period during a hot and dry season

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11
Q

Torpor

A

A state of mental and physical inactivity (short period)

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12
Q

Asexual

A

variation by mutation

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13
Q

Sexual

A

fusion of an egg and sperm

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14
Q

List the order of Biological Organization

A

Chemical bond, cellular level (cell), tissue, organ system, organism….

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15
Q

Autotroph

A

Produce their own food (auto-self)

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16
Q

Heterotrophs

A

receive their energy from consuming producers

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17
Q

What are Darwin’s 4 Observations?

A
  1. Variation
  2. Reproduction
  3. Population growth
  4. Differential survival
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18
Q

Molecule

A

a group of two or more ATOMS held together by chemical bonds

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19
Q

Compound

A

two or more different types of ELEMENTS formed together

20
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

share electrons between atoms to fill each atom’s valence shell

21
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

relatively weak bonds (very important to living organisms)

22
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substances that easily interact with water (water-loving)

23
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Substances are not soluble in water (water-fearing)

24
Q

Organic Compounds

A

formed by covalently bonded carbon atoms

25
Q

Carbon Atoms

A

form bonds with more elements than any other atom

26
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

can exist as branched/unbranched chains,or rings

27
Q

Isomers

A

same form, different structure (one inactive, one active)

28
Q

Macromolecules

A

consists of thousands of atoms

29
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons

30
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Sum of protons and neutrons

31
Q

Name the three Disaccharides

A

Maltose, Sucrose, and Lactose

32
Q

Function of Lipids:

A

energy source, absorb nutrients, insulation, cushioning

33
Q

Types of Lipids:

A

Phospholipids, carotenoids, steroids, waxes, fats,

34
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

liquid at room temp; plant sources; oils

35
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

solid at room temp; animal sources; butter&lard

36
Q

Proteins

A

macromolecules composed of amino acids

37
Q

What determines what a cell looks like and how it functions?

A

characteristic forms, distributions, and amounts of proteins

38
Q

Dipeptide

A

two amino acids combined

39
Q

Polypeptide

A

a long chain of amino acids (more than two)

40
Q

Peptide bond

A

a covalent (carbon-nitrogen bond)

41
Q

What is the structure of polypeptide bonds

A

twisted or folded 3-D shape

42
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

transmits hereditary information and determines what proteins a cell manufactures

43
Q

Nucleotide

A

polymer, made up of:
1. a five-carbon sugar
2. one or more phosphate group
3. nitrogenous base

44
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

a double-ring purine or single-ring pyrimidine

45
Q

DNA Nitrogenous bases

A

A,G- Purines/T,C-Pyrimidines

46
Q

RNA Nitrogenous bases

A

A,G-Purines/U,C-Pyrimidines

Biology 111 (3 decks)

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