Units 1 and 2 Flashcards
What is the continuum?
starts with awareness, builds to training, and evolves into education
What is Awareness?
intended to allow individuals to recognize security and Emergency Management concerns and respond accordingly
What does Awareness focus its attention on?
Security
What do Awareness programs do?
Achieve long-term/lasting behavioural changes.
Addresses the knowledge of individuals and organizations.
Aims to ensure all relevant regional and sub-regional bodies understand the impacts of, and take action to respond to certain impacts
What is security awareness?
the knowledge and attitude members of an organization possess regarding the protection of the physical and especially informational assets of that organization.
What does increasing awareness involve?
promoting the probability that people will consider security as they go about their day by building recognition or the reality and and presence of the threat so countermeasures are recognized as necessary
What is training?
Strives to produce relevant skills and knowledge
Seeks to teach skills, which allow a person to perform a specific function
What are skills built upon?
the foundation of awareness
What types of training are there?
Installation, Maintenance, and Enhance
What is Education?
It integrates awareness and training - the skills and competencies of the various functional specialties into a body of knowledge
What does Education strive to do?
Produce specialists and professionals capable of vision and proactive response.
What is Professional Development?
Ensure users, from beginner to professional, possess the required level of knowledge and competence necessary for their roles.
What are the two kinds of certifications?
General Certification - focuses on establishing a foundation of knowledge on the many aspects of the profession
Technical Certification - focuses primarily on technical issues related to specific platforms, operating systems, vendor products, etc.
What is the equation for Risk?
Risk = Loss Impact x (threat x vulnerabilities)
What is Risk Perception?
Our subjective beliefs and/or judgements about the likelihood, the characteristics and/or the severity of a risk
How is “potential” assessed?
by the likelihood
How is “unwanted” assessed?
by the magnitude and impact of the threat
What is the psychometric paradigm?
It encompasses a theoretical framework that assumes risk to be subjectively defined by individuals who may be influenced by a wide array of psychological, social, institutional, and cultural factors.
What can psychometric scaling identify and quantify?
similarities and differences in risk perceptions and attitudes among groups
What is Motivation?
The process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal
What are the 3 key elements of Motivation?
Intensity, Direction, and Persistence.
Name 4 of the Eight Motivational Theories.
McGregor’s Participation Theory
Argyris’s Theory
Urwick’s Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
McClelland’s Need Theory
Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Porter & Lawler’s Expectancy Theory
What is the equation for Motivational Force?
Motivational Force = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
What is Expectancy?
the belief that an effort will result in the attainment of the desired performance goals.
What is the Expectancy Belief usually based on?
An individual’s past experience, self-confidence, and perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal
What are the four factors associated with the individual’s expectancy perception?
Competence, goal, difficulty, and control
What is Instrumentality?
The belief that a person will receive a desired outcome if the performance expectation is met.
What is Valence?
The value individuals place on outcomes based on their needs, goals, values, and sources of motivation
What are the three Expectancy Theory Relationships?
Effort-Performance Relationship
Performance-Reward Relationship
Rewards-Personal Goals Relationship
What is the Effort-Performance Relationship?
the probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance
What is Performance-Reward Relationship?
the belief that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome
What is the Rewards-Personal Goals Relationship?
the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s goal or needs and the attractiveness of potential rewards for the individual.
What does Expectancy Theory suggest?
that individuals act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a behaviour over others based on their expectations of an expected result
What is Social Marketing?
It borrows from commercial marketing techniques for the purpose of social engagement-influencing a target audience to change their social behaviours and to benefit society
What does Social Marketing seek to do?
integrate research, best practice, theory, audience and partnership insight, to inform the delivery of competition sensitive and segmented social change programs that are effective, efficient, equitable, and sustainable.
What year did Social Marketing start?
1971
What is the primary focus of Social Marketing?
the social good
What are the 4 P’s that must be incorporated in Marketing efforts?
Product: Create an enticing “product”
Price: “Minimize the “price” the target audience believes it must pay in the exchange
Places: Make the exchange and its opportunities available in “places” that reach the audience and fit its lifestyles
Promote: Promote the exchange opportunity with creativity and through channels and tactics that maximize desired responses.
