Units 1 and 2

Question 1

What is the continuum?

Answer 1

starts with awareness, builds to training, and evolves into education

Question 2

What is Awareness?

Answer 2

intended to allow individuals to recognize security and Emergency Management concerns and respond accordingly

Question 3

What does Awareness focus its attention on?

Answer 3

Security

Question 4

What do Awareness programs do?

Answer 4

Achieve long-term/lasting behavioural changes.
Addresses the knowledge of individuals and organizations.
Aims to ensure all relevant regional and sub-regional bodies understand the impacts of, and take action to respond to certain impacts

Question 5

What is security awareness?

Answer 5

the knowledge and attitude members of an organization possess regarding the protection of the physical and especially informational assets of that organization.

Question 6

What does increasing awareness involve?

Answer 6

promoting the probability that people will consider security as they go about their day by building recognition or the reality and and presence of the threat so countermeasures are recognized as necessary

Question 7

What is training?

Answer 7

Strives to produce relevant skills and knowledge
Seeks to teach skills, which allow a person to perform a specific function

Question 8

What are skills built upon?

Answer 8

the foundation of awareness

Question 9

What types of training are there?

Answer 9

Installation, Maintenance, and Enhance

Question 10

What is Education?

Answer 10

It integrates awareness and training - the skills and competencies of the various functional specialties into a body of knowledge

Question 11

What does Education strive to do?

Answer 11

Produce specialists and professionals capable of vision and proactive response.

Question 12

What is Professional Development?

Answer 12

Ensure users, from beginner to professional, possess the required level of knowledge and competence necessary for their roles.

Question 13

What are the two kinds of certifications?

Answer 13

General Certification - focuses on establishing a foundation of knowledge on the many aspects of the profession
Technical Certification - focuses primarily on technical issues related to specific platforms, operating systems, vendor products, etc.

Question 14

What is the equation for Risk?

Answer 14

Risk = Loss Impact x (threat x vulnerabilities)

Question 15

What is Risk Perception?

Answer 15

Our subjective beliefs and/or judgements about the likelihood, the characteristics and/or the severity of a risk

Question 16

How is “potential” assessed?

Answer 16

by the likelihood

Question 17

How is “unwanted” assessed?

Answer 17

by the magnitude and impact of the threat

Question 18

What is the psychometric paradigm?

Answer 18

It encompasses a theoretical framework that assumes risk to be subjectively defined by individuals who may be influenced by a wide array of psychological, social, institutional, and cultural factors.

Question 19

What can psychometric scaling identify and quantify?

Answer 19

similarities and differences in risk perceptions and attitudes among groups

Question 20

What is Motivation?

Answer 20

The process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal

Question 21

What are the 3 key elements of Motivation?

Answer 21

Intensity, Direction, and Persistence.

Question 22

Name 4 of the Eight Motivational Theories.

Answer 22

McGregor’s Participation Theory
Argyris’s Theory
Urwick’s Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
McClelland’s Need Theory
Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
Porter & Lawler’s Expectancy Theory

Question 23

What is the equation for Motivational Force?

Answer 23

Motivational Force = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence

Question 24

What is Expectancy?

Answer 24

the belief that an effort will result in the attainment of the desired performance goals.

Question 25

What is the Expectancy Belief usually based on?

Answer 25

An individual’s past experience, self-confidence, and perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal

Question 26

What are the four factors associated with the individual’s expectancy perception?

Answer 26

Competence, goal, difficulty, and control

Question 27

What is Instrumentality?

Answer 27

The belief that a person will receive a desired outcome if the performance expectation is met.

Question 28

What is Valence?

Answer 28

The value individuals place on outcomes based on their needs, goals, values, and sources of motivation

Question 29

What are the three Expectancy Theory Relationships?

Answer 29

Effort-Performance Relationship
Performance-Reward Relationship
Rewards-Personal Goals Relationship

Question 30

What is the Effort-Performance Relationship?

Answer 30

the probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance

Question 31

What is Performance-Reward Relationship?

Answer 31

the belief that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome

Question 32

What is the Rewards-Personal Goals Relationship?

Answer 32

the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s goal or needs and the attractiveness of potential rewards for the individual.

Question 33

What does Expectancy Theory suggest?

Answer 33

that individuals act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a behaviour over others based on their expectations of an expected result

Question 34

What is Social Marketing?

Answer 34

It borrows from commercial marketing techniques for the purpose of social engagement-influencing a target audience to change their social behaviours and to benefit society

Question 35

What does Social Marketing seek to do?

Answer 35

integrate research, best practice, theory, audience and partnership insight, to inform the delivery of competition sensitive and segmented social change programs that are effective, efficient, equitable, and sustainable.

Question 36

What year did Social Marketing start?

Answer 36

1971

Question 37

What is the primary focus of Social Marketing?

Answer 37

the social good

Question 38

What are the 4 P’s that must be incorporated in Marketing efforts?

Answer 38

Product: Create an enticing “product”
Price: “Minimize the “price” the target audience believes it must pay in the exchange
Places: Make the exchange and its opportunities available in “places” that reach the audience and fit its lifestyles
Promote: Promote the exchange opportunity with creativity and through channels and tactics that maximize desired responses.