Final Exam Flashcards
What is Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene (Two-Factor) Theory?
- Motivators - job satisfiers
- Hygiene - job dissatisfiers or maintenance factors
- Existence of a dual continuum - satisfaction vs no satisfaction and dissatisfaction vs no dissatisfaction
- One’s hygiene is another’s motivator
What is McClelland’s Need Theory?
- Needs are learned or acquired by the kinds of events people experience in their environment and culture
- People who acquire a particular need behave differently from those who do not.
What is McGregor’s Participation Theory
- Two distinct views of human being - Theory X and Theory Y
- Theory X and Theory Y are two extremes that no organizational man would belong to.
- In reality, he/she shares the traits of both, man swings from one set of properties to the other with changes in his mood and motives in a changing environment.
What is Urwick’s Theory Z?
- Two Propositions:
–> Each individual should know the organizational goals precisely and the amount of contribution through his efforts towards these goals
–> Each individual should also know that the relation of organizational goals is going to satisfy his/her needs positively - Those two propositions make people ready to behave positively to accomplish both organizational and individual goals.
- Based on four postulates:
–> Strong bond between Organization and Employees
–> Employee Participation and Involvement
–> No Formal Organization Structure
–> Human Resource
What is Argyris’s Theory?
- Based on the proposition of how management practices affect individual behaviour and growth.
- In his view, the seven changes taking place in an individual personality make him/her a mature one
- In other words, the personality of an individual develops over time
What is Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Theory?
- The main point in this model is that effort or motivation does not lead directly to performance
- It is intact, mediated by abilities and traits and by role perceptions
- Ultimately, performance leads to satisfaction
What are Social Marketing Campaigns?
Social Marketing Campaigns are those that borrow from commercial marketing techniques for the purpose of social engagement-influencing a target audience to change their behaviours to benefit society
What is Vroom’s motivation (expectancy) theory?
- Cognitive process theory of motivation.
- Founded on the basic notion that people will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe there are relationships between the effort they put forth, the performance they achieve, and the outcomes/rewards they receive.
What is the equation and the variables of Vroom’s Expectancy Theory?
- Motivational force = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
- (E) expectancy - the effort will lead to the intended performance
- (I) instrumentality - performance in achieving a certain result
- (V) valence - the desirability of the result to the individual
What is Social Media Marketing?
- It seeks to develop and integrate marketing concepts with other approaches to influence behaviours that benefit individuals and communities for the greater social good.
- Borrows the lessons and methods perfected by the commercial sector to affect public behaviour and learning!
- The primary difference between social and commercial marketing is related only to their content and objectives!
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Top to Bottom?
Self-fulfillment needs:
–> Self Actualization - achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities
Psychological needs:
–> Esteem Needs - Prestige and feeling of accomplishment
–> Belongingness and love needs - intimate relationships, friends
Basic Needs:
–> Safety Needs - security, safety
–> Physiological needs - food, water, warmth, rest
What is Motivation and it’s importance to Awareness and Training?
- The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal
- The importance of Motivation in Awareness and Training is to get buy-in
What are the Key Elements of Motivation?
- Intensity: How hard a person tries
- Direction: Toward a beneficial goal
- Persistence: How long a person tries
What is the main purpose of awareness presentations?
Main purpose of a presentation is to give information, to persuade the audience to act and to create goodwill.
What is the difference between Awareness, Training, and Education?
- The difference between training and awareness is that training seeks to teach skills, which allow a person to perform a specific function, while awareness seeks to focus an individual’s attention on an issue or set of issues.
- Training makes sure people at different levels of engagement have the right knowledge to execute their roles securely
- Awareness makes sure all people at all levels know what to look out for
- Education integrates all of the skills and competencies of the various functional specialties into a common body of knowledge and strives to produce specialists and professionals capable of vision and proactive response
