units 1 and 2 Flashcards
Who is Alfred Wegener?
A German scientist, developed the theory that the world was once all one continent.
Alpine glacier
Found in mountain regions, move under the force of gravity. Occurs when it snows, temperatures are below freezing. Snow lands on top of the mountain
Continental glaciers
Covers large areas of the continent. Move under their own weight. As snow falls layers are created, weight is added to the glacier. Layers begin to compress and then the ice is formed over millions of years. Start to move due to its weight
Glaciation time period
an interval of times within an ice age that is marked by cooler temperatures and glacier advances.
Great St Lawrence lowlands
Formed during the Paleozoic era. South of the Canadian Shield in Ontario and Quebec. Smallest landform region in Canada. Located in basins gouged out by glaciers. Well suited to farming
Who is Sandford Fleming?
a chief engineer of the Northern Railway. Devised the concept of standard time and splitting the world into 24 time zones.
What are the 4 geological periods
Cenozoic era, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era, Precambrian era
Cenozoic era
66 million years ago until today. Best known for the age of mammals because the largest land animals have been mammals during that time.
Precambrian era
Continents formed and our modern atmosphere developed, while early life evolved
Convergent plate tectonic
The plates move towards each other
Divergent plate tectonic
When two plates move apart
Elevation
Affects both temperature and precipitation. Temperature decreases as altitude increases. This happens because the sun’s rays pass through the atmosphere.
Transform
Along the transform plate boundary (conservative boundary) plates are made neither larger nor smaller.
Erosion
When wind and water carry rocks pieces to another place
Weathering
When wind and water can break rocks into pieces
Western Cordillera
Covers mostly British Columbia and Yukon. Has sharp-peak mountains and many valleys. Lightly populated, rich in sources, timber, and hydro electricity
Prime meridian
Line of 0o longitude, starting point for measuring distance both east and west around Earth.
How old is the Earth?
The Earth is 4.5 billion years old
What are the Layers of the Earth? In order
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core
What is the purpose of each layer of the Earth?
Crust: Where we live
Mantle: heavier than crust rock
Outer: contains melted iron and nickel
Inner: Centre of the earth
What are the 6 time zones?
Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland
What time zone does each province follow?
Pacific: British Columbia (9:00pm)
Mountains: Alberta (10:00pm)
Central: Saskatchewan, Manitoba (11:00pm)
Eastern: Ontario, Quebec (12:00am)
Atlantic: Prince Edward Island, Nova scotia, New Brunswick (1:00am)
Newfoundland: Newfoundland (1:30am)
What is Pearson/Toronto’s airport code?
YYZ
What is the difference between Longitude and Latitude?
Longitude: measures distance between north to south of the prime meridian
Latitude: measures distance between east to west of the equator
