units 1 and 2 Flashcards
Who is Alfred Wegener?
A German scientist, developed the theory that the world was once all one continent.
Alpine glacier
Found in mountain regions, move under the force of gravity. Occurs when it snows, temperatures are below freezing. Snow lands on top of the mountain
Continental glaciers
Covers large areas of the continent. Move under their own weight. As snow falls layers are created, weight is added to the glacier. Layers begin to compress and then the ice is formed over millions of years. Start to move due to its weight
Glaciation time period
an interval of times within an ice age that is marked by cooler temperatures and glacier advances.
Great St Lawrence lowlands
Formed during the Paleozoic era. South of the Canadian Shield in Ontario and Quebec. Smallest landform region in Canada. Located in basins gouged out by glaciers. Well suited to farming
Who is Sandford Fleming?
a chief engineer of the Northern Railway. Devised the concept of standard time and splitting the world into 24 time zones.
What are the 4 geological periods
Cenozoic era, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era, Precambrian era
Cenozoic era
66 million years ago until today. Best known for the age of mammals because the largest land animals have been mammals during that time.
Precambrian era
Continents formed and our modern atmosphere developed, while early life evolved
Convergent plate tectonic
The plates move towards each other
Divergent plate tectonic
When two plates move apart
Elevation
Affects both temperature and precipitation. Temperature decreases as altitude increases. This happens because the sun’s rays pass through the atmosphere.
Transform
Along the transform plate boundary (conservative boundary) plates are made neither larger nor smaller.
Erosion
When wind and water carry rocks pieces to another place
Weathering
When wind and water can break rocks into pieces
Western Cordillera
Covers mostly British Columbia and Yukon. Has sharp-peak mountains and many valleys. Lightly populated, rich in sources, timber, and hydro electricity
Prime meridian
Line of 0o longitude, starting point for measuring distance both east and west around Earth.
How old is the Earth?
The Earth is 4.5 billion years old
What are the Layers of the Earth? In order
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core
What is the purpose of each layer of the Earth?
Crust: Where we live
Mantle: heavier than crust rock
Outer: contains melted iron and nickel
Inner: Centre of the earth
What are the 6 time zones?
Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland
What time zone does each province follow?
Pacific: British Columbia (9:00pm)
Mountains: Alberta (10:00pm)
Central: Saskatchewan, Manitoba (11:00pm)
Eastern: Ontario, Quebec (12:00am)
Atlantic: Prince Edward Island, Nova scotia, New Brunswick (1:00am)
Newfoundland: Newfoundland (1:30am)
What is Pearson/Toronto’s airport code?
YYZ
What is the difference between Longitude and Latitude?
Longitude: measures distance between north to south of the prime meridian
Latitude: measures distance between east to west of the equator
Pangea
A supercontinent that began to break up due to internal pressures inside the Earth
Equator
An imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial bodies
One fact about each province
British Columbia: has the world largest trees
Alberta: has the most lakes
Saskatchewan: produces more than half the world’s potash
Manitoba: lowest population density
Ontario: has the most longest streets
Quebec: the biggest province
New Brunswick: the only bilingual province
PEI: smallest province
Nova scotia: has the highest tides
Newfoundland: Easternmost province
Igneous Rock
Forms when magma cools and makes crystals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Can form underground slowly, or above ground cooling fast.
Sedimentary Rock
Can form layers of sediments. After a long time the sediments cemented together
Metamorphic Rock
If you add heat to a rock, it starts to forms large crystals. It starts to change
How many landforms are there
There are 8 landforms
Compass points
North, East, South, West
Bearing points
360, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, 315,
What 3 oceans is Canada surrounded by?
The Pacific ocean, Atlantic
Ocean, and the Arctic ocean
LOWERN WATER: Latitude
Determine how warm a climate is. The farther you are from the equator, the less direct sunlight you receive
LOWERN WATER: Ocean current
Moving away from the equator is warmer than the surrounding water
LOWERN WATER: wind, air current, and jet streams
a large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions of the area in which it forms
LOWERN WATER: Elevation
as air rises, pressure decreases. As a result, the air expands and cools
LOWERN WATER: Relief
determines the amount of precipitation that the area gets
LOWERN WATER: Near water
places that are close to an ocean have what is called a maritime climate
Soil leaching
Downward movement of water in soil. Found in areas of great precipitation.
Soil calcification
Upward movement of water. Found in drier area with little rain
Climate graph
Used to illustrate the average temperature and precipitation experienced at a particular place over the course of a year.
What does the Blue columns and Red lines represent on a climate graph
Blue bars represent the average monthly rainfall
Red lines represent average monthly temperature
