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Geography grade 9 exam cards > units 1 and 2 > Flashcards

units 1 and 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Alfred Wegener?

A

A German scientist, developed the theory that the world was once all one continent.

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2
Q

Alpine glacier

A

Found in mountain regions, move under the force of gravity. Occurs when it snows, temperatures are below freezing. Snow lands on top of the mountain

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3
Q

Continental glaciers

A

Covers large areas of the continent. Move under their own weight. As snow falls layers are created, weight is added to the glacier. Layers begin to compress and then the ice is formed over millions of years. Start to move due to its weight

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4
Q

Glaciation time period

A

an interval of times within an ice age that is marked by cooler temperatures and glacier advances.

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5
Q

Great St Lawrence lowlands

A

Formed during the Paleozoic era. South of the Canadian Shield in Ontario and Quebec. Smallest landform region in Canada. Located in basins gouged out by glaciers. Well suited to farming

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6
Q

Who is Sandford Fleming?

A

a chief engineer of the Northern Railway. Devised the concept of standard time and splitting the world into 24 time zones.

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7
Q

What are the 4 geological periods

A

Cenozoic era, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era, Precambrian era

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8
Q

Cenozoic era

A

66 million years ago until today. Best known for the age of mammals because the largest land animals have been mammals during that time.

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9
Q

Precambrian era

A

Continents formed and our modern atmosphere developed, while early life evolved

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10
Q

Convergent plate tectonic

A

The plates move towards each other

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11
Q

Divergent plate tectonic

A

When two plates move apart

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12
Q

Elevation

A

Affects both temperature and precipitation. Temperature decreases as altitude increases. This happens because the sun’s rays pass through the atmosphere.

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13
Q

Transform

A

Along the transform plate boundary (conservative boundary) plates are made neither larger nor smaller.

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14
Q

Erosion

A

When wind and water carry rocks pieces to another place

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15
Q

Weathering

A

When wind and water can break rocks into pieces

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16
Q

Western Cordillera

A

Covers mostly British Columbia and Yukon. Has sharp-peak mountains and many valleys. Lightly populated, rich in sources, timber, and hydro electricity

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17
Q

Prime meridian

A

Line of 0o longitude, starting point for measuring distance both east and west around Earth.

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18
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

The Earth is 4.5 billion years old

19
Q

What are the Layers of the Earth? In order

A

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core

20
Q

What is the purpose of each layer of the Earth?

A

Crust: Where we live
Mantle: heavier than crust rock
Outer: contains melted iron and nickel
Inner: Centre of the earth

21
Q

What are the 6 time zones?

A

Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland

22
Q

What time zone does each province follow?

A

Pacific: British Columbia (9:00pm)
Mountains: Alberta (10:00pm)
Central: Saskatchewan, Manitoba (11:00pm)
Eastern: Ontario, Quebec (12:00am)
Atlantic: Prince Edward Island, Nova scotia, New Brunswick (1:00am)
Newfoundland: Newfoundland (1:30am)

23
Q

What is Pearson/Toronto’s airport code?

A

YYZ

24
Q

What is the difference between Longitude and Latitude?

A

Longitude: measures distance between north to south of the prime meridian
Latitude: measures distance between east to west of the equator

25
Q

Pangea

A

A supercontinent that began to break up due to internal pressures inside the Earth

26
Q

Equator

A

An imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial bodies

27
Q

One fact about each province

A

British Columbia: has the world largest trees
Alberta: has the most lakes
Saskatchewan: produces more than half the world’s potash
Manitoba: lowest population density
Ontario: has the most longest streets
Quebec: the biggest province
New Brunswick: the only bilingual province
PEI: smallest province
Nova scotia: has the highest tides
Newfoundland: Easternmost province

28
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Forms when magma cools and makes crystals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Can form underground slowly, or above ground cooling fast.

29
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Can form layers of sediments. After a long time the sediments cemented together

30
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

If you add heat to a rock, it starts to forms large crystals. It starts to change

31
Q

How many landforms are there

A

There are 8 landforms

32
Q

Compass points

A

North, East, South, West

33
Q

Bearing points

A

360, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, 315,

34
Q

What 3 oceans is Canada surrounded by?

A

The Pacific ocean, Atlantic
Ocean, and the Arctic ocean

35
Q

LOWERN WATER: Latitude

A

Determine how warm a climate is. The farther you are from the equator, the less direct sunlight you receive

36
Q

LOWERN WATER: Ocean current

A

Moving away from the equator is warmer than the surrounding water

37
Q

LOWERN WATER: wind, air current, and jet streams

A

a large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions of the area in which it forms

38
Q

LOWERN WATER: Elevation

A

as air rises, pressure decreases. As a result, the air expands and cools

39
Q

LOWERN WATER: Relief

A

determines the amount of precipitation that the area gets

40
Q

LOWERN WATER: Near water

A

places that are close to an ocean have what is called a maritime climate

41
Q

Soil leaching

A

Downward movement of water in soil. Found in areas of great precipitation.

42
Q

Soil calcification

A

Upward movement of water. Found in drier area with little rain

43
Q

Climate graph

A

Used to illustrate the average temperature and precipitation experienced at a particular place over the course of a year.

44
Q

What does the Blue columns and Red lines represent on a climate graph

A

Blue bars represent the average monthly rainfall
Red lines represent average monthly temperature

Geography grade 9 exam cards (2 decks)

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