Units 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

defining parts of renaissance

A
  • individualism
  • humanism
  • more secular thought
  • classicism
  • civic humanism: wealthy should have place in politics + helping others
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2
Q

why was the printing press important to the renaissance

A

spread writings and ideas of renaissance to more ppl;
spread renaissance to north

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3
Q

Northern Humanism

A
  • more religious concern
  • encourages ppl to read classical texts and bible
  • reforms of church
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4
Q

Why did the renaissance start in Italy

A
  • geography: location in Mediterranean gives access to trade ports + resources
  • Medici fam: Florence rulers w/ banking wealth
  • patrons of arts: merchants want to look good
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5
Q

renaissance art

A
  • The dome: rejection of really fancy Gothic architecture
  • Chiaroscuro: use of light and dark
  • geometric perspective
  • naturalism
  • Michelangelo: David (glorified)
  • Rafael: school of Athens(Classicism)
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6
Q
  • causes of the reformation
A
  • humanism critiquing society
  • printing press: ppl can interpret institutions on their own
  • Black death: when affects clergy, shows they are common ppl
  • Pietism: direct individual relationship w/ god
  • SImony: selling church offices
  • indulgences: sales to get your out of purgatory
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7
Q

What was an example of ppl like Luther before Luther

A

Hus and Wycliffe: criticize Church + tell ppl to read Bible on their own
- killed as heritics

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8
Q

Martin Luther + 95 theses

A
  • German
  • 95 theses posted on church of wittenberg outlining problems with church
  • 95 these spread by 95 theses
    sola fidei, sola scriptura
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9
Q

Pope + Luther + Diet of worms

A
  • pope Leo asks Luther to unsay his beliefs
    -Luther says no and confronted by HREmporer at Diet of Worms
  • support of Fredrick of Saxony, German prince, to hide him after banned
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10
Q

Why did protestantism spread so effectively?

A
  • Luther pretty conservative: easier for ppl to accept (German peasants revolt)
  • Luther not concerned w/ politics: German princes like him for balance of power
  • HRE too weak to combat
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11
Q

Shmalkaldic War

A

Charles 5th v. Protestants
loses and signs peace of Augsburg: letting rulers of each state to choose btwn Luther or Catholic

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12
Q

English Reformation: Henry 8th + descendents

A
  • wants to annul marriage
    Church says no, he denounces them + makes him head of church of England (Act of Supremacy)
  • Bloody Mary viiolently tries to consolidate power + be catholic
  • Elizabeth restores anglicanism
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13
Q

Catholic Counter reformation

A

-Index of prohibited books: censorship of other beliefs
- papal inquisition: found heritics + executed
- council of Trent for 18 years to improve Church’s problems
- baroque art to show the glory of the church
- Jesuits (Ignatius of Loyala) missionary to convert

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14
Q

Portugal exploration

A
  • land not good for farming
  • Henry the Navigator conquests Africa part
  • Dias sails to tip of Africa
  • Da Gama reaches India
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15
Q

Spanish exploration

A
  • Spain inspired by Portugal exploration
  • want to find route to India for gold and spices
  • Christopher columbus
  • want to convert whole world to christianity
  • Magellan circumnavigates globe
  • Cortes conquereds Aztecs, Pizarro captures Incas
  • lack of immunity to Euro disease made them die a lot and easy to conquer
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16
Q

Spain + Portugal plantations + economy effects

A
  • in the new world, encomienda system: forced labor of indigenous
  • population not enought, bring African slaves
  • justify cruelty with spreading christ
  • quinine lets British stay in new world w/out malaria
  • columbian exchange: transfer of everything from new to old world + disease
  • mercantilism: build up as much bullion as possible
17
Q

New monarchs

A
  • establishing monopoly made from taxes
  • building military
  • doing justice
  • determining religion of subjects
18
Q

New Monarchs: Spain

A
  • Ferdinand + Isabella: marriage shows unifying Spain + consolidating monarchical power
  • reconquista: expelling Jews and Muslims from state for religious unity
19
Q

Thirty years war

A

USE CHAT GPT

20
Q

price rev

A
  • will cause commercial revolution
  • more silver + gold + population makes prices rise, inflation makes commerce grow
  • people start commercializing agriculture w/ enclosure mvmt
  • lack of jobs for agriculture workers will make them move to cities
21
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

period of econ expansion, colonialism, mercantilism, more

22
Q

France: calvinism

A

lots of wars that leade to Edict of Nantes: gives freedom of religion to huguenots