Absolutism to Sci Rev

Question 1

French Absolutism

Answer 1

• Louis 14th has to deal with nobility revolts (Fronde)
• Divine right of kings
• Palace of Versailles for glory + control of nobles
• revokes edict of Nantes to consolidate power

Question 2

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Answer 2

economic advisor of Louis 14th
- mercantilism
- expands french empire

Question 3

Louis wars + war of Spanish succession

Answer 3

• peasants have to pay taxes of war costs
• Treaty of Utrecht puts Bourbon on Spanish throne but one monarch can’t rule France and spain

Question 4

English rev: James 6th

Answer 4

-divine right
- only king could call parliament + calls for help to raise taxes

Question 5

English rev: Charles 1st

Answer 5

• puts parliament members he disagrees w/ in jail
• Petition of right makes Charles have to give parliament more power(no raise taxes)
• Charles dissolves parliament
• Scots revolt of puritans makes him call (short) parliament for help
• calls long parliament to halp pay sum lost in Scots war, parliament makes him get rid of things like Court of star chanber (stop opposition)

Question 6

English Rev: cromwell

Answer 6

Cromwell leads army of Puritans to defeat monarchy + execute king
- commonwealth very strict and people don’t like it

Question 7

English rev: Charles 2nd then James 2nd

Answer 7

• put into power after ppl sick of cromwell
• gives Catholics more rights( way to achieve more royal absolutism)
• ppl don’t like him; get WIlliam of Orange and Mary to invade England (Glorious rev)

Question 8

compromises that had to be made by William and Mary

Answer 8

• Bill of Rights: monarchs cant do things w/out parliaments consent
• have to uphold Protestantism
• act of toleration: freedom of religion for other types but not Catholic
• Act of Union: England and Scotland unite, form Great Britain

Question 9

Dutch (the Netherlands) dominance

Answer 9

• replaces Spain as econ power: Peace of Westphalia closes sea routes
• access to Baltic for trade
• tech advancements
• bank of Amsterdam: Dutch East India company (joint stocks)
• religious toleration

Question 10

Early modern europe economy + population

Answer 10

• population growth creates more workers + more consumers
• Price rev: inflation because of precious metals from new world

Question 11

Rural life in early Modern time

Answer 11

• enclosure mvmt by wealthy gentry for personal use (before used by whole community)
• farmers poor, sometimes w/ state or church help
  -enserfment in EE

Question 12

Urban life early modern time

Answer 12

• specialization
• capitalist entrepreneurs
• econ troubles mean less children and later marriage

Question 13

causes of Sci Rev

Answer 13

• discovery of new world
• printing press: recent sci discoveries
• nation state rivalry + rich leaders that could fund
• reformation: Bible readers make larger reading public
• Humanism: Classicism and sci texts

Question 14

What was the state pre sci rev

Answer 14

-medieval scholasticism: sci revolved around god
- 4 elements of earth, 4 humours of body
- Ptolemaic view: everything revolves around earth
- all sci has alr been discovered

Question 15

Copernicus

Answer 15

-heliocentric theory: earth revolves around sun
- priest

Question 16

Galileo

Answer 16

-telescope: records heliocentric theory
- condemned by Catholic church + executed

Question 17

Isaac Newton

Answer 17

• Pricnipia: lots of ideas + gravity
• Will lead British royal society spreading sci experiemtns

Question 18

Francis Bacon

Answer 18

• philosopher
• inductive reasoning, empiricism
• examine evidence from nature

Question 19

Descartes

Answer 19

French philosopher: deductive reasoning + rationalism
- question everything: no set beliefs besides your existence

Question 20

Pascal

Answer 20

it is better to wage on existence of God than not

Question 21

William Harvey + Vesalius

Answer 21

• Vesalius: surgery
• Harvey: blood circulation

Question 22

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 22

political philosopher
- man is bag
-Leviathan: ppl need strict leader to lead them

Question 23

John Locke

Answer 23

political philosopher: man is good
- defends English rev + Bill of rights
- we are free but enter into social contract for wellness
- ppl can rebel oppression
- equality + education

Question 24

Urbanization during sci revish time

Answer 24

• unemployed farmers move to cities for work in factories
• overpopulation: drunkards + prostitutes + dirty
• entertainment buildings like theaters + taverns
• Coffeehouse: alcohol to caffeine
• govs start slowly cleaning streets+ police dept.

Question 25

1700s medicine + public health

Answer 25

• innoculation builds up immunity w/ doses
• less child mortality makes children not seen as disposable, but as valuable ppl in glorious period of innocence

Question 26

difference btwn sci rev + enlightenment

Answer 26

• sci rev: laws of natural world
• enlightenment: laws of human behavior

Question 27

French philosophes

Answer 27

• how the enlightenment started
  -salons would discuss topics
• Republic of letters to share thoughts

Question 28

Hume + Voiltaire

Answer 28

enlightened questioning of religion
- Voltaire sees toleration in England
Deism: god made earth then stepped back

Question 29

Montesquieu

Answer 29

spirit of the laws
- separation of powers + checks and balances

Question 30

Denis Diderot

Answer 30

wrote encyclopedia
- spreads enlightenment ideas outside of France
- Censored by Catholic Church

Question 31

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 31

• social contract book
• individuals surrender to larger power so those without power have freedom
• glorified romanticism and against feminism

Question 32

Mary Wollstonecradt

Answer 32

Vindication of the rights of women
- suffrage + political equality

Question 33

Adam Smith

Answer 33

Scottish that rejected mercantilitsm
- laissez-faire + invisible hand will rnbegulate economy