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NSG 101 > Units 1 > Flashcards

Units 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what century did health care providers treated medicine in a spiritual manner by using chants and opening skulls to release evil spirits

A

16th century

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2
Q

In the 16th Century what was the role of a nurse

A

They acted as mothers that cared for families by providing physical care, herbal remedies. The nurturing and caregiving role still seen now

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3
Q

What civilization had temples as the center of medical care, and believed illnesses were caused by sin and by Gods displeasure

A

Ancient Greek Civilization

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4
Q

What is nursing like in the early Christian

A

The role of a nurse became more clear. It was led by the idea that love and care was important. had Deaconesses

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5
Q

What were Deaconesses and what period were they popular in

A

In the early Christian period, they were woman that made home visits to sick people. While men gave nursing care and buried the dead.

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6
Q

What period did nursing develop purpose direction and leader ship

A

towards the end of Early middle age

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7
Q

What century sentenced woman convicted a crime to become nurses and receive low pay and work long hours

A

Beginning of 16th Century

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8
Q

What effect did Florence Nightingale have on nursing
A.challenged prejudice against women and elevated status of nursing.
B. Women began training as nurses
C. Nursing became more respected
D. All of the above

A

D all of the above

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9
Q

What things did Florence Nightingale contribute to Nursing

A

A. Developed first training school for nurses
B. Wrote books about nursing education and Healthcare
C. identified personal needs of patient
D. Established standards for hospital management
E.recognized nutrition is important

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10
Q

Florence believed that nursing is separate from what occupation

A

Medicine

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11
Q

How did nursing develop from the 19th 20th century

A

Nursing schools were established in connection with Hospitals
There was a lack of educational standards and there was a male dominant in healthcare. They believed women were subordinate to men.

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12
Q

How did World War II affect nursing

A

Lead to an increase on the emphasis of education.
Lead to the need in more nurses.
Lead to efforts in upgrading nurse education. Lead to more degrees for men, women and minorities
Led to nursing education in a college setting

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13
Q

What are the 4 spheres of care

A
  1. System based practice
    2.Informatics/ tech
    3.Academic partnerships
    4.Career long learning
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14
Q

What is the word to describe the promotion of physical and mental health, management of minor acute and intermediate care needs of generally healthy patients

A

Disease Prevention/ Health promotion

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15
Q

Define chronic disease management

A

The management of chronic diseases in prevention of Sequelae

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16
Q

What is regenerative/restorative care

A

It is, critical or trauma care, complex acute care, acute exacerbations of chronic conditions, treatment of physiologically unstable patients that generally require care `in a mega acute institution

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17
Q

What is hospice/ palliative care

A

it is end of life care or care for those with complex chronic diseases or those that require rehabilitation

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18
Q

What Is the Latin word for nursing and what does it mean

A

Nutrix- to nourish

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19
Q

This institution defines nursing as encompassing autonomous and collaborative care of all individuals, groups, families, sick or well. Promotion of health, prevention of illness and to care for ill, disabled or those dying.
to be an advocate, promote safe environment and participate in health policy and patient and health systems management.

A

INC

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20
Q

The knowledge base for nursing practice includes what three things

A

Diagnosis
Interventions
Evaluation of outcomes from care plans

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21
Q

What are the 4 nursing aims?

A
  1. to promote health
  2. to prevent illness
  3. to restore health
  4. to facilitate coping with Disability or death
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22
Q

Which nursing competence does not belong?
A. Cognitive
B. Sympathy
C.Ethical/Legal
D.Technical
E. Interpersonal

A

B. Sympathy

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23
Q

What is the PRIMARY role of nurse as a caregiver?

A

To combine the role of teacher, communicator, counselor, leader, researcher, Advocator and collaborator

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24
Q

What is health?

A

Health is a state of optimal functioning or well-being this includes physical social and mental health. Health is a subjective state.

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25
Q

What is wellness?

A

Wellness is a state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health

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26
Q

How do nurses promote health?

A

They promote health by identifying, analyzing and maximizing each patient individual strength as a component of preventing illness and restoring health

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27
Q

The desire to increase someone’s well-being and health potential is what?

A

Health Promotion

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28
Q

The ability of people to obtain process and understand the basic information needed to make appropriate health decisions is called what?

A

Health Literacy

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29
Q

What is the framework for nursing activities that allow nurses to consider the patient self awareness, health awareness and use of resources while providing care

A

Concentra health promotion

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30
Q

What activities can you do as a nurse that are aimed at restoring health of patients?

A

Assessments
Referring questions and abnormal findings to providers
Providing direct patient care
Collaborating with other providers

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31
Q

What organization represents 4 mill nurses and fosters high standards of nursing practice, promote safe work environment, promote health and wellness of nurses and advocates for healthcare issues?

A

ANA- American nurse association

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32
Q

What organization fosters the development and improvement of a nursing services in education

A

National League for nurses (NLN )

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33
Q

What organization focuses on establishing quality educational standards, influencing improvement of healthcare, promoting public support of bachelors in nursing, graduate education, research and nursing practice

A

American Association of college of nursing

34
Q

What does the American Academy of nursing do?

A

Advances health policy and practice through the generation, synthesis and dissemination of nursing knowledge

35
Q

why was the standard of nursing practice implemented? What organization implemented it?

A

ANA’s
Allows nurses to carry out professional roles, serving to protect the nurse, patient and the institution

36
Q

What is the purpose of the nurse practice act

A

There are laws established in each state to regulate
The practice of nursing to protect the public
to create a state board of nursing or regulatory body
to define important terms and activities of nursing
to establish criteria for the educational licensure of nursing

37
Q

What are two ways to practice in a state where a nurses license doesn’t belong to

A

Reciprocity- nurse can be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state
Nurse Licensure compact- allows others to practice in member states

38
Q

What are the essential elements of a developing nurse

A

To be a body of knowledge
Provide the rationale for nursing interventions

39
Q

Match the sources of knowledge with their definitions
1.Traditional knowledge
2.Authoritative Knowledge
3.Scientific Knowledge

A. Knowledge obtained through scientific method a.k.a. research. More used of the 3
B. Knowledge passed down from generation to generation it is not challenge scientifically is something always done by changing a bedsheet after each patient
C. knowledge from experts based on their perceived expertise/experiences

A

1.B
2.C
3.A

40
Q

what was nursing education like for the first half of the 20th century

A

Nursing education focus more on education than hands-on training
nursing research was conducted and published
but nursing needed a clear defined identity

41
Q

what was Nursing education like in the mid-20th-century

A

The idea of nursing as a science became more excepted. Knowledge base for nursing practice began to evolve

42
Q

What is the purpose of nursing theory

A

It describes nursing
it helps to differentiate nursing and it describes, explains, predicts and controls desired nursing outcomes of nursing care practices.
Allows nurses to test knowledge, to research, and expand knowledge

43
Q

Match Each theory to its definition

1.General Systems theory
2.Adaptation theory
3.Developmental theory

A. the process of growth and development as orderly predictable. Uses Eric Ericksons psychosocial development and Abraham Maslows theory of human needs in terms of physical and psychosocial needs
B. the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. It has three levels the internal (self) the social(others) and the physical(bio chemical reactions)
C.Describes how to break whole things into parts to learn how parts work in a system

A

1.c
2.b
3.A

44
Q

what concepts are common in all nursing theories

A
  1. the person
  2. the enviornment
    3.health
    4.nursing
45
Q

why is nursing theory important in a clinical practice

A

provides autonomy
guides thinking, being, and doing of nursing
it gives nurses authority to carry out actions
it provides trust and respect in intervention by nurses
nurses use theories to collect organize and classify patient data to understand, analyze and interpret patient health situation

46
Q

What is the purpose of nursing research?

A

It is used to improve care of people in the clinical setting

47
Q

What does nursing research study?

A

Studies people, the nursing profession, education, policy development, ethics, nursing history

48
Q

Nursing research important

A

It is important because healthcare is always changing and nurses need to meet the ever-changing demands of healthcare

49
Q

Match the methods of conducting nursing research to their definitions
1.Quanititative Research
2.Basic Research
3.Applied Research
4. Qualitative Research

A. Pure or lab research used to generate and refine theory. Findings aren’t directly useful in practice
b. Practical research design to influence and improve clinical practice
c. Involves concepts of applied and basic research
D. gain insight by discovering meaning by primarily analyzing words or narratives rather than numbers

A

1.c
2.A
3.B
4.D

50
Q

______ is the process of transforming research knowledge into practice an helps eliminate non-useful practices

A

Research utilization

51
Q

What is evidence based practice and it’s essential elements

A

It is a problem-solving approach to make clinical decisions using the best evidence available
The essential elements are:
integration of the best research and evidence
viewing clinical expertise
considering patience preferences values and making sure they’re engaged in care decisions

52
Q

Define ethics

A

principles of right and wrong contact, virtue and vice, good and evil

53
Q

Define nursing ethics

A

Subject of bio ethics.
Study of issues in the practice of nursing in the analysis used by nurses to make and evaluate ethical judgments

54
Q

Choose which chose does not belong when defining
Ethical Theories
A. Also called framework
B. Systems of thought that attempts to explain how we ought to live in why
C. Can be categorized as action guiding theories
D. Can be guided by autonomy guiding theories
E. Can be categorized as character guiding theories

A

C.
The categories are action going series which is what should I do and guiding series which is what kind of person should I be

55
Q

Action guiding falls under two categories mean, Unitarian and deontologic. Define the two

A

Ulitarian- rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action
Deontologic- action is right or wrong based on a rule independent of its consequences

56
Q

The principle- based approach to ethics when caring for a patient has 4 key principles, what are they?

A

Autonomy
Nonmaleficemce- avoid causing hard
Beneficence- patient, Balance benefits against risk and harm
Justice- act fairly

57
Q

_____ happens when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result into conflicting courses of action

A

Ethical Dilemmas

58
Q

What is essential to patient centered care that direct attention to the specific situation of individual patient viewed within the context of their life narrative

A

care based approach

59
Q

why is feminist ethics important

A

Critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society especially with women and people in poverty

60
Q

Many nurses are dissatisfied with the principle based approach which has led nurses to look to care as the foundation for nursing’s ethical obligation. This has led the nurse-patient relationship to be central to what approach?

A

Care based approach.

61
Q

What is moral agency

A

The ability to be a moral human. The capacity to be ethical, to do the ethically right thing for the right reasons

62
Q

What is it called when a nurse refuses to participate in certain types of treatment and care, based on the fact that the activities violate a nurses personal and professional ethical beliefs and standards

A

conscientious objection

63
Q

What are some examples of ethical problems that can arise in healthcare

A

1.Paternalism- preventing potential harm to patient but questioning if it goes against autonomy. Can end up acting as a parent when choosing to do something the patient doesn’t want.
2.Deception
3.Privacy and social media
4.confidentiality
5.allocation of scarce nursing resources
6.valid consent or refusal- patient telling you to stop
7. conflicts concerning new technology
8. beginning and ending of life issues

64
Q

What does the nurse practice act protect

A

protects the public by broadly defining the legal scope of nursing practice

65
Q

Match the organization to the rules it makes for nursing
1.Federal legislation
2. State legislation
3. Board of nursing
4. Healthcare institute

A. Delegation, meds, licensing and conduct
b. Public health insurance
c. Clinical procedures and policies
d. defines scope of practice for nurses and education requirements. Makes the rules, regulations and enforces them

A

1.B
2.d
3.A
4.c

66
Q

who developed legal standards and why are they important?

A

They were developed by legislatives and are implemented by authority granted by the state to determine minimum standards for the education of nurses. It’s sets requirements for license or registration and decide status of the license

67
Q

What are the three ways in which nurses gain credentialing

A

accreditation-educational program is evaluated and has met certain standards
licensure-they determined if candidate met certain minimum requirements. legal document
certification-person that met certain criteria established by a non-government association is granted recognition

68
Q

Nursing certification is offered by what two organizations

A

The American Association of critical care nurses and the American nurses credentialing center

69
Q

what is a tort

A

an act or omission that gives rise to injury or harm to another. Subject to action in a civil court with damages usually being settled with money. Can be tried as civil or criminal action then prosecuted under civil and criminal law

70
Q

What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony

A

A misdemeanor is less serious and can be punishable by fine or jail less than a year or parole
misdemeanor is more serious such as rape or murder. Punishable by imprisonment for more than one year

71
Q

Match the intentional torts to their definition
1.Assult
2.Battery
3.Defamation
4. invasion of privacy
5.HIPPA
6.False imprisonment
7.fraud

A. Assault that carried out and then fools willful, angry in violent or negligent touching of another persons body, clothing or anything on them
B. Find justified retention or prevention of the movement of another person without proper consent
C. One party makes derogatory remarks about another dad diminishes the other parties reputation. Can be through slander or libel (written)
d. Direct or attempt to make bodily contact with another person without consent
e. Willful and purposeful misinterpretation that could or has caused loss or harm to a persons property
f. If health institution wants to release patient records the patient is a signed authorization. Violating this can lead to a $250,000 fine for 10 years in jail
g. Fourth amendment says you have the right to privacy and right to be left alone

A

1.d
2.A
3.c
4.g
5.F
6.B
7.E

72
Q

Match the unintentional torts to their definition
1.Negligence
2.Malpractive
3.Malpractice Litigation
4.liability

A. Preforming an act that a reasonably prudent person under similar circumstances won’t do
b. When a patient believes they been injured due to negligent and pursue legal action
c. There are four elements; duty, breach of duty, causation, damages
d. Negligence by a professional personnel

A

1.a
2.d
3.b
4.c

73
Q

what did the theorist travelbee define the nursing process to be

A

a interpersonal process

74
Q

What are the 3 blended competencies

A

cognitive- Critical thinking, identify purpose or goal
Technical
Interpersonal- promoting the dignity and respect of patients as people in establishing a caring relationship
Ethical-

75
Q

What is interpersonal care

A

To hold yourself accountable, be attentive and responsive to earn a patient’s trust
It ensures nurses are person centered and not task centered

76
Q

What is QSEN Competencies goal

A

Challenge nurses who have the knowledge, skills, attitude to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems

77
Q

What is critical thinking

A

Reasoning both inside and outside the clinical setting. Includes clinical reasoning, decision making in clinical judgment

78
Q

What is clinical reasoning/decision making

A

Process where are you think about patience problems in the clinical setting. Problem-solving

79
Q

What is clinical judgment

A

Result or outcome of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, decision making or opinion

80
Q

ADPIE Stands for?

A

Assess
Diagnose
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

NSG 101 (2 decks)

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