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Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is used to describe the active process where a person moves towards their maximum potential

A

Health

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2
Q

Health of the public is measured by what two things

A

Morbidity- how frequent a disease occurs
Mortality-Number of deaths resulting from a disease

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3
Q

How do most people measure Health

A

by how they feel, absence or presence of symptoms, ability to carry out activities. Some people defined health in terms of their values and beliefs.

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4
Q

When giving holistic care, nurses must take in consideration what?

A

The physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, spiritual, and environment of a person

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5
Q

Define wellness

A

an active state of being healthy and living a lifestyle that promote good physical, mental and emotional health

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6
Q

pathologic change in the structure or function of the body and mind is called a what?

A

disease

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7
Q

Define illness

A

It is the response a person has to a disease. Their functioning level changes due to the effects of change in the body structure and function. Nurses focus on the person with the illness

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8
Q

What are the two types of illness

A

Acute and Chronic

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9
Q

Describe an acute illness

A

Rapid onset of symptoms
illness lasts a short amount of time
can be life-threatening
can be managed by medication, surgery or other

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10
Q

Describe a Chronic illness

A

permanent Physical and mental alterations in health
requires special patient education rehab
long period of care and support
may have slow onset and many have periods of remission and exacerbation
Likely lasts more than 6 months

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11
Q

What is it called when a disease isn’t showing symptoms

A

remission

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12
Q

What is it called when symptoms caused by a disease reappear

A

exacerbation

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13
Q

Place the illness behaviors in the correct stages

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

Assuming the sick role- self identifies as being sick and seeks validation from others. gives up normal activities

Achieving recovery and rehab- can begin in the hospital and finish at home. Gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities

Experiencing symptoms- if symptoms continue, they enter next stage

Assuming a dependent role-patient decides to accept diagnosis and follow treatment plan or can look for a second opinion

A

Stage 1-Experiencing symptoms- if symptoms continue, they enter next stage

Stage 2-Assuming the sick role- self identifies as being sick and seeks validation from others. gives up normal activities

Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role-patient decides to accept diagnosis and follow treatment plan or can look for a second opinion

Stage 4-Achieving recovery and rehab- can begin in the hospital and finish at home. Gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities

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14
Q

Exacerbation and remission are often a direct result of

A

patient understanding of their illness,maintenance ofchange totreat illness, and achieving wellness.

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15
Q

When giving holistic care, you must consider what

A

the physical
emotional
intellectual
sociocultural
spiritual
environmental of a person

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16
Q

What is health equity

A

Attainment of the highest level of health for all people. people to have access to the same resources and opportunities

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17
Q

What is health disparity

A

health differences that are closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage

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18
Q

what are social determinants of health

A

Conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health and quality of life.
racism, discrimination, violence, housing, nutritious food.

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19
Q

Where are disparities most seen?

A

Common in racial and ethnic minorities where there’s higher rates of obesity, cancer, diabetes, and Aids are seen

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20
Q

What is institutional structural racism?

A

Systemic, distribution of resources, power and opportunity to the benefit of white people

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21
Q

What is unconscious or implicit bias?

A

Prejudice, in favor of or against one thing, person, or group, as compared to another in a way that is considered unfair
occurs automatically

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22
Q

Blank is ensuring everyone has access to the conditions they need to thrive

A

Equity

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23
Q

What is something that increases a persons chance for illness or injury but can be modified. Increase in this can increase in illness

A

Risk factor

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24
Q

What are the major areas of risk factor (6)

A

age
genetic disorders
physiological factors
health habits
lifestyle
environment

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25
Q

Health promotion can be defined as

A

behaviors of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase wellbeing and practices

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26
Q

What is health protection

A

behavior or prevent illness or disease
desire to avoid

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27
Q

what are the 3 levels of health promotion by nursing and their examples

A

Primary- promoting of health and prevention of disease and injury. weight loss, diet, exercise

secondary- screenings, identify disease early on, reverse or reduce illness. return person back to max health.
treat things early on. pap smears, mammograms

Tertiary- begins after illness is diagnosed and treated. goal is to reduce disability and help rehabilitate patient. Avoid complication of disease. meds, surgery, rehab

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28
Q

True or false: the health benefit model focuses on what people believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health

A

True

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29
Q

What are the 3 components of the health benefit model

A

-received susceptibility of disease- believe they won’t catch anything
-Perceived seriousness of disease-the concerns someone has about the disease. depends on their education
-Perceived benefit of action- person belief on how effective measures will prevent illness. If I do A, then B will happen

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30
Q

What model illustrates how people interact with their environment as they pursue health,

A

Health promotion model

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31
Q

What is Maslows Heirarchy

A

Helps to understand the relationships among basic human needs and for establishing priorities in care

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32
Q

Why is mallows hierarchy important in nursing

A

provides a framework for nursing assessment and understanding patient needs

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33
Q

According to Maslow hierarchy, what is a basic need

A

-if its lack of fulfillment results in illness
-its fulfillment helps prevent illness
-meeting it restores health
takes priority in other desires and needs when unmet
-person feels something is missing
-person feels satisfaction when the need is met

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34
Q

What are examples of physiological needs

A

oxygen, water food, elimination, temp, sexuality

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35
Q

what are safety and security needs

A

physical and emotional
nurses meet patients physical needs
emotional safety happens when people trust each other and being free of fear, anxiety, apprehension

36
Q

what are love and belonging needs

A

The understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love the feeling of belonging to a group

37
Q

Self esteem needs are

A

The need for a person to feel good about themselves, Phil pride, sense of accomplishment and believe that there’s also respect and appreciate those accomplishments

38
Q

Self actualization needs

A

The need for people to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities

39
Q

How can nurses apply Maslows theory

A

in assessment, diagnosing, planning, implementation and evaluation of patient care

40
Q

What is verbal communication

A

Exchange of info with words

41
Q

what is non verbal communication and what are some examples

A

No words, can convey the speakers actual meaning
facial expressions
eye contact
tone of voice
body movement and language
eye contact
how quick you’re speaking

42
Q

Match the levels of communication with their definition
1.Intrapersonal communication
2.Interpersonal communication
3.group communication
4.organizational communication

A.self talk
b. people and groups within an organization communicate to achieve establish goals
c.occurs between 1 or more person with the goal to exchange messages
d.interaction between small group such as staff meetings, support groups

A

1.a
2.c
3.d
4.b

43
Q

what are some factors that influence communication

A

-Sociocultural differences
-roles and responsibilities
-space and territoriality
-physical, mental, emotional state
-environment
-level of development
-gender
-values

44
Q

____ is defined as the rate of language development is correlated with patients neurologic competence and cognitive development

A

developmental level

45
Q

what are sociocultural differences

A

Recognizing the social determinants of health effects on people such as education and literacy. Helps you understand what the patient understands

46
Q

What is culture

A

Common lifestyles, language, behavior patterns, traditions and beliefs that are learned and passed into generations

47
Q

Why is hand off communication important

A

Because the responsibility of care is transferred from one provider to another through accurately presenting the patient related information at the bedside

48
Q

What is the SBAR Method used for and what does it stand for?

A

used for improving hand off communication
Situation- objective
Background-objective
Assessment-subjective
Recommendation -subjective

49
Q

What institute identifies quality and safety competencies for nursing and wants to prepare nurses to help improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems

A

QSEN institute

50
Q

what supports clear identification of nurse in patient when communicating patient care information or concerns with another healthcare provider

A

I-SBAR-R

51
Q

Why was the TST (target solutions tool) developed

A

Examines handoff communication problems and identifies causes. Provides evidence-based solutions to improve handoff

52
Q

CUS Communication tool stands for?

A

Im Concerned
Im Uncomfortable
This is Unsafe

53
Q

What Relationship is crafted by an exchange of information usingverbal and non-verbal cues with the goalof improvingthe patient’s overallwell-being

A

Therapeutic relationship

54
Q

Describe the nurse patient relationship

A

It is a therapeutic relationship where the nurse is the care and the patient is the person being cared for. The relationship is focus on promoting and restoring health and wellness of a patient

55
Q

What is the difference between a therapeutic relationship in a social relationship

A

therapeutic relationship takes time to develop. Occurs for a specific purpose. Is characterized by an unequal sharing of information. The relationship is built on patient needs and it is a professional relationship

56
Q

Phases of a therapeutic relationship with its definition
1..Orientation Phase
2.Working Phase
3.Termination Phase

a. Tone and guidelines for relationship or established. The nurse and patient me, exchange names and the roles are clarified

b. The conclusion of initial agreement is acknowledged and you see if the goals for the patient have been met

c. longest phase, sure and patient work together to meet patients physical and psychosocial needs. Nurse role of teacher and counselor are performed

A

1.a
2.b
3.c

57
Q

What factors promote effective communication within the therapeutic relationship

A

Way of behaving; want to be warm/friendly, openness and respect, show empathy, be honest, authentic, caring and competent
Want to be a rapport builder
use open ended questions
be assertive and not aggressive

58
Q

Why is teaching important

A

Help the patient achieve his goals by making informed health decisions and implementing a plan of care

59
Q

Why is counseling important

A

Hey produces the resources and support patients need to participate in self-care and facilitate their coping with their circumstances

60
Q

What are the teaching methods when working with adults

A

1.identify learning barriers
2. extra time, short teaching lessons
3. accommodate for sensory deficits
4. reduce distractions

61
Q

What is health literacy

A

Ability to access, read, understand, evaluate, communicate and act on health info to promote, maintain and improve health

62
Q

What is TEACH

A
  • TEACH
    o T-tune into patient
    o E- edit patient info
    o A- act on every moment
    o C- Clarify ofter
    o H- honor the patient is partnering in the education process
63
Q

What are the 3 learning domains

A

Cognitive- storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain
psychomotor-muscular and mental activity call My how to do something
Affective- is an attitude, values and feelings

64
Q

what Model explains why people are willing to take action to support their house and helped to see if patients will adhere to therapies

A

Health Belief model

65
Q

What is adherence

A

A patient effort to follow and maintain healthcare advice. not compliance

66
Q

What is compliance

A

Patient’s behavior coincides with clinical advice

67
Q

What is non adherence

A

Following treatment recommendations that they agreed upon. It can be unintentional and can threaten patient safety.

68
Q

Why are assessments important

A

They can lead to the identification of one or more diagnosis or patient problems related to the patient education

69
Q

What is Health defined as by WHO

A

is defined as completephysical, mental, social well-being, and not merely absence of disease (WHO)

70
Q

Define Disease

A

Disease is a medical term used to describe the pathological changes that cause changes to structure or functioning of the body or mind.

71
Q

What are some common causes of disease

A

Generic, inherited defects. Developmental defects that are caused by exposure to virus or other harmful substances during pregnancy, biological agents or toxins, physical agents like temperature, chemicals and radiation, generalized tissue responses to injury or irritation, physiological andemotional reactions to stress, excessive or insufficient production of body secretions (hormones or enzymes for example)

72
Q

Nightingale environmental theory

A

Recognized importance of clean environment, how to manage environment to manage disease, fresh air, good ventilation, clean water- all contributed to wellness of patient
the environment in which a patient is in, determines their wellness

73
Q

Healthcare can be broken down into 3 key levels

A

Primary- common health problems and preventative methods
Secondary- problems that require more specialized clinical expertise such as hospital care for a patient with myocardio infraction
Tertiary- management of rare and complex disorders like pituitary tumors

74
Q

What are the 4 ways of paying for healthcare

A

Out of pocket

Individual private insurance- 3 rd party. Needs to be a large Palmer nonprofit, tax exempt organizations or through small private, for-profit insurance companies. Members pay a premium alone or in combination with employer

employer base group private insurance- employer-sponsored coverage, common source of healthcare coverage

Gov Financing- medicare, Medicaid, children’s health insurance program and veterans health admin

75
Q

What’s medicare

A

Insurance for older adults, permanently disabled and their dependence
Part A-pays most of inpatient hospital cost
Part B- voluntary, pay monthly premium covers outpatient, medication, home health services

76
Q

What is medicaid

A

Assistance program for people with any age window income, blind, older adults, disable people on SSI

77
Q

What is CHIP

A

Help states insure low income children who are not eligible for Medicaid but can’t afford private insurance

78
Q

what is VHA

A

the US largest integrated healthcare system for veterans

79
Q

inpatient vs outpatient

A

Inpatient is a person who enters the hospital and stays overnight for an intermediate time
Patients for those who aren’t hospitalized overnight but require a diagnosis or treatment

80
Q

What’s nursing informatics

A

The specialty that integrates nursingscience with multiple informationmanagement and analytical sciences toidentify, define, manage, and communicatedata, information, knowledge, and wisdomin nursing practice.

81
Q

What are some examples of informatics nursing

A

Telehealth call mom mobile devices, patient portal, data analytics, technology for educating nurses

82
Q

Are the two types of nurse informatics professionals

A

Information nurse- a registered nurse interested or experienced in informatics field
Informatics nurse- registered nurse w/ grad level educated in informatics. Responsible for strategy, development, implementation and maintenance and evaluation of clinical systems requiring collaboration

83
Q

Search the informatics concepts with their definition

1.System usability
2.system optimization
3.standard terminology
4. interoperability
5.security and privacy of data
6. Block chain

A. improvement needed of EHRS as people utilize it
B. extent which a product can be used by specific users to reach a specific goal with effectiveness and satisfaction. easy to use
C. Ability to share patient data across healthcare systems, to individuals, their family or other healthcare providers electronically
D. HIPPA and privacy rule
E. Digital info stored in public database
F. Used instead of free text. Used as a drop-down menu or check boxes that represent an assessment parameter, intervention or patient outcomes

A

1.b
2.A
3.f
4.c
5.d
6.E

84
Q

What is Nightingales environmental theory

A

Nightingale believed that cleanliness of the environment, subsequently to be described by her as the ‘Health of houses’ (pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness and light) was essential to promote healing and general wellbeing of the patient

85
Q

Select all that apply of the wellness continuum
a. Wellness continuum is objective
b. conceptualizes a persons level of health
c. illustrates the ever-changing state of a persons health as a person adapts to changes in internal and external environments to maintain a state of well being
d. Wellness continuum is Subjective
e. Health is a dynamic state that is everchanging

A

b,c,d,e

86
Q

Describe Dunns grid

A

Dunn takes into account the impact of external factors (environment) on one’s wellness and quality of his life.

87
Q

What is the mental health continuum

A

a range of wellbeing having mental health and mental illness at the two extreme ends. Depending on the circumstances of any individual at any time, they may find themselves at one point of the continuum and shift position as their situation improves or deteriorates.

NSG 101 (2 decks)

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