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Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is used to describe the active process where a person moves towards their maximum potential

A

Health

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2
Q

Health of the public is measured by what two things

A

Morbidity- how frequent a disease occurs
Mortality-Number of deaths resulting from a disease

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3
Q

How do most people measure Health

A

by how they feel, absence or presence of symptoms, ability to carry out activities. Some people defined health in terms of their values and beliefs.

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4
Q

When giving holistic care, nurses must take in consideration what?

A

The physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, spiritual, and environment of a person

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5
Q

Define wellness

A

an active state of being healthy and living a lifestyle that promote good physical, mental and emotional health

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6
Q

pathologic change in the structure or function of the body and mind is called a what?

A

disease

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7
Q

Define illness

A

It is the response a person has to a disease. Their functioning level changes due to the effects of change in the body structure and function. Nurses focus on the person with the illness

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8
Q

What are the two types of illness

A

Acute and Chronic

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9
Q

Describe an acute illness

A

Rapid onset of symptoms
illness lasts a short amount of time
can be life-threatening
can be managed by medication, surgery or other

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10
Q

Describe a Chronic illness

A

permanent Physical and mental alterations in health
requires special patient education rehab
long period of care and support
may have slow onset and many have periods of remission and exacerbation
Likely lasts more than 6 months

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11
Q

What is it called when a disease isn’t showing symptoms

A

remission

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12
Q

What is it called when symptoms caused by a disease reappear

A

exacerbation

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13
Q

Place the illness behaviors in the correct stages

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

Assuming the sick role- self identifies as being sick and seeks validation from others. gives up normal activities

Achieving recovery and rehab- can begin in the hospital and finish at home. Gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities

Experiencing symptoms- if symptoms continue, they enter next stage

Assuming a dependent role-patient decides to accept diagnosis and follow treatment plan or can look for a second opinion

A

Stage 1-Experiencing symptoms- if symptoms continue, they enter next stage

Stage 2-Assuming the sick role- self identifies as being sick and seeks validation from others. gives up normal activities

Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role-patient decides to accept diagnosis and follow treatment plan or can look for a second opinion

Stage 4-Achieving recovery and rehab- can begin in the hospital and finish at home. Gives up the dependent role and resumes normal activities

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14
Q

Exacerbation and remission are often a direct result of

A

patient understanding of their illness,maintenance ofchange totreat illness, and achieving wellness.

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15
Q

When giving holistic care, you must consider what

A

the physical
emotional
intellectual
sociocultural
spiritual
environmental of a person

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16
Q

What is health equity

A

Attainment of the highest level of health for all people. people to have access to the same resources and opportunities

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17
Q

What is health disparity

A

health differences that are closely linked with social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage

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18
Q

what are social determinants of health

A

Conditions in the environment in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect health and quality of life.
racism, discrimination, violence, housing, nutritious food.

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19
Q

Where are disparities most seen?

A

Common in racial and ethnic minorities where there’s higher rates of obesity, cancer, diabetes, and Aids are seen

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20
Q

What is institutional structural racism?

A

Systemic, distribution of resources, power and opportunity to the benefit of white people

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21
Q

What is unconscious or implicit bias?

A

Prejudice, in favor of or against one thing, person, or group, as compared to another in a way that is considered unfair
occurs automatically

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22
Q

Blank is ensuring everyone has access to the conditions they need to thrive

A

Equity

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23
Q

What is something that increases a persons chance for illness or injury but can be modified. Increase in this can increase in illness

A

Risk factor

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24
Q

What are the major areas of risk factor (6)

A

age
genetic disorders
physiological factors
health habits
lifestyle
environment

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25
Health promotion can be defined as
behaviors of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase wellbeing and practices
26
What is health protection
behavior or prevent illness or disease desire to avoid
27
what are the 3 levels of health promotion by nursing and their examples
Primary- promoting of health and prevention of disease and injury. weight loss, diet, exercise secondary- screenings, identify disease early on, reverse or reduce illness. return person back to max health. treat things early on. pap smears, mammograms Tertiary- begins after illness is diagnosed and treated. goal is to reduce disability and help rehabilitate patient. Avoid complication of disease. meds, surgery, rehab
28
True or false: the health benefit model focuses on what people believe to be true about themselves in relation to their health
True
29
What are the 3 components of the health benefit model
-received susceptibility of disease- believe they won't catch anything -Perceived seriousness of disease-the concerns someone has about the disease. depends on their education -Perceived benefit of action- person belief on how effective measures will prevent illness. If I do A, then B will happen
30
What model illustrates how people interact with their environment as they pursue health,
Health promotion model
31
What is Maslows Heirarchy
Helps to understand the relationships among basic human needs and for establishing priorities in care
32
Why is mallows hierarchy important in nursing
provides a framework for nursing assessment and understanding patient needs
33
According to Maslow hierarchy, what is a basic need
-if its lack of fulfillment results in illness -its fulfillment helps prevent illness -meeting it restores health takes priority in other desires and needs when unmet -person feels something is missing -person feels satisfaction when the need is met
34
What are examples of physiological needs
oxygen, water food, elimination, temp, sexuality
35
what are safety and security needs
physical and emotional nurses meet patients physical needs emotional safety happens when people trust each other and being free of fear, anxiety, apprehension
36
what are love and belonging needs
The understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love the feeling of belonging to a group
37
Self esteem needs are
The need for a person to feel good about themselves, Phil pride, sense of accomplishment and believe that there's also respect and appreciate those accomplishments
38
Self actualization needs
The need for people to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities
39
How can nurses apply Maslows theory
in assessment, diagnosing, planning, implementation and evaluation of patient care
40
What is verbal communication
Exchange of info with words
41
what is non verbal communication and what are some examples
No words, can convey the speakers actual meaning facial expressions eye contact tone of voice body movement and language eye contact how quick you're speaking
42
Match the levels of communication with their definition 1.Intrapersonal communication 2.Interpersonal communication 3.group communication 4.organizational communication A.self talk b. people and groups within an organization communicate to achieve establish goals c.occurs between 1 or more person with the goal to exchange messages d.interaction between small group such as staff meetings, support groups
1.a 2.c 3.d 4.b
43
what are some factors that influence communication
-Sociocultural differences -roles and responsibilities -space and territoriality -physical, mental, emotional state -environment -level of development -gender -values
44
____ is defined as the rate of language development is correlated with patients neurologic competence and cognitive development
developmental level
45
what are sociocultural differences
Recognizing the social determinants of health effects on people such as education and literacy. Helps you understand what the patient understands
46
What is culture
Common lifestyles, language, behavior patterns, traditions and beliefs that are learned and passed into generations
47
Why is hand off communication important
Because the responsibility of care is transferred from one provider to another through accurately presenting the patient related information at the bedside
48
What is the SBAR Method used for and what does it stand for?
used for improving hand off communication Situation- objective Background-objective Assessment-subjective Recommendation -subjective
49
What institute identifies quality and safety competencies for nursing and wants to prepare nurses to help improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems
QSEN institute
50
what supports clear identification of nurse in patient when communicating patient care information or concerns with another healthcare provider
I-SBAR-R
51
Why was the TST (target solutions tool) developed
Examines handoff communication problems and identifies causes. Provides evidence-based solutions to improve handoff
52
CUS Communication tool stands for?
Im Concerned Im Uncomfortable This is Unsafe
53
What Relationship is crafted by an exchange of information using verbal and non-verbal cues with the goal of improving the patient's overall well-being
Therapeutic relationship
54
Describe the nurse patient relationship
It is a therapeutic relationship where the nurse is the care and the patient is the person being cared for. The relationship is focus on promoting and restoring health and wellness of a patient
55
What is the difference between a therapeutic relationship in a social relationship
therapeutic relationship takes time to develop. Occurs for a specific purpose. Is characterized by an unequal sharing of information. The relationship is built on patient needs and it is a professional relationship
56
Phases of a therapeutic relationship with its definition 1..Orientation Phase 2.Working Phase 3.Termination Phase a. Tone and guidelines for relationship or established. The nurse and patient me, exchange names and the roles are clarified b. The conclusion of initial agreement is acknowledged and you see if the goals for the patient have been met c. longest phase, sure and patient work together to meet patients physical and psychosocial needs. Nurse role of teacher and counselor are performed
1.a 2.b 3.c
57
What factors promote effective communication within the therapeutic relationship
Way of behaving; want to be warm/friendly, openness and respect, show empathy, be honest, authentic, caring and competent Want to be a rapport builder use open ended questions be assertive and not aggressive
58
Why is teaching important
Help the patient achieve his goals by making informed health decisions and implementing a plan of care
59
Why is counseling important
Hey produces the resources and support patients need to participate in self-care and facilitate their coping with their circumstances
60
What are the teaching methods when working with adults
1.identify learning barriers 2. extra time, short teaching lessons 3. accommodate for sensory deficits 4. reduce distractions
61
What is health literacy
Ability to access, read, understand, evaluate, communicate and act on health info to promote, maintain and improve health
62
What is TEACH
* TEACH o T-tune into patient o E- edit patient info o A- act on every moment o C- Clarify ofter o H- honor the patient is partnering in the education process
63
What are the 3 learning domains
Cognitive- storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain psychomotor-muscular and mental activity call My how to do something Affective- is an attitude, values and feelings
64
what Model explains why people are willing to take action to support their house and helped to see if patients will adhere to therapies
Health Belief model
65
What is adherence
A patient effort to follow and maintain healthcare advice. not compliance
66
What is compliance
Patient's behavior coincides with clinical advice
67
What is non adherence
Following treatment recommendations that they agreed upon. It can be unintentional and can threaten patient safety.
68
Why are assessments important
They can lead to the identification of one or more diagnosis or patient problems related to the patient education
69
What is Health defined as by WHO
is defined as complete physical, mental, social well-being, and not merely absence of disease (WHO)
70
Define Disease
Disease is a medical term used to describe the pathological changes that cause changes to structure or functioning of the body or mind.  
71
What are some common causes of disease
Generic, inherited defects. Developmental defects that are caused by exposure to virus or other harmful substances during pregnancy, biological agents or toxins, physical agents like temperature, chemicals and radiation, generalized tissue responses to injury or irritation, physiological and  emotional reactions to stress, excessive or insufficient production of body secretions (hormones or enzymes for example)
72
Nightingale environmental theory
Recognized importance of clean environment, how to manage environment to manage disease, fresh air, good ventilation, clean water- all contributed to wellness of patient the environment in which a patient is in, determines their wellness
73
Healthcare can be broken down into 3 key levels
Primary- common health problems and preventative methods Secondary- problems that require more specialized clinical expertise such as hospital care for a patient with myocardio infraction Tertiary- management of rare and complex disorders like pituitary tumors
74
What are the 4 ways of paying for healthcare
Out of pocket Individual private insurance- 3 rd party. Needs to be a large Palmer nonprofit, tax exempt organizations or through small private, for-profit insurance companies. Members pay a premium alone or in combination with employer employer base group private insurance- employer-sponsored coverage, common source of healthcare coverage Gov Financing- medicare, Medicaid, children's health insurance program and veterans health admin
75
What's medicare
Insurance for older adults, permanently disabled and their dependence Part A-pays most of inpatient hospital cost Part B- voluntary, pay monthly premium covers outpatient, medication, home health services
76
What is medicaid
Assistance program for people with any age window income, blind, older adults, disable people on SSI
77
What is CHIP
Help states insure low income children who are not eligible for Medicaid but can't afford private insurance
78
what is VHA
the US largest integrated healthcare system for veterans
79
inpatient vs outpatient
Inpatient is a person who enters the hospital and stays overnight for an intermediate time Patients for those who aren't hospitalized overnight but require a diagnosis or treatment
80
What's nursing informatics
The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.
81
What are some examples of informatics nursing
Telehealth call mom mobile devices, patient portal, data analytics, technology for educating nurses
82
Are the two types of nurse informatics professionals
Information nurse- a registered nurse interested or experienced in informatics field Informatics nurse- registered nurse w/ grad level educated in informatics. Responsible for strategy, development, implementation and maintenance and evaluation of clinical systems requiring collaboration
83
Search the informatics concepts with their definition 1.System usability 2.system optimization 3.standard terminology 4. interoperability 5.security and privacy of data 6. Block chain A. improvement needed of EHRS as people utilize it B. extent which a product can be used by specific users to reach a specific goal with effectiveness and satisfaction. easy to use C. Ability to share patient data across healthcare systems, to individuals, their family or other healthcare providers electronically D. HIPPA and privacy rule E. Digital info stored in public database F. Used instead of free text. Used as a drop-down menu or check boxes that represent an assessment parameter, intervention or patient outcomes
1.b 2.A 3.f 4.c 5.d 6.E
84
What is Nightingales environmental theory
Nightingale believed that cleanliness of the environment, subsequently to be described by her as the 'Health of houses' (pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness and light) was essential to promote healing and general wellbeing of the patient
85
Select all that apply of the wellness continuum a. Wellness continuum is objective b. conceptualizes a persons level of health c. illustrates the ever-changing state of a persons health as a person adapts to changes in internal and external environments to maintain a state of well being d. Wellness continuum is Subjective e. Health is a dynamic state that is everchanging
b,c,d,e
86
Describe Dunns grid
Dunn takes into account the impact of external factors (environment) on one's wellness and quality of his life.
87
What is the mental health continuum
a range of wellbeing having mental health and mental illness at the two extreme ends. Depending on the circumstances of any individual at any time, they may find themselves at one point of the continuum and shift position as their situation improves or deteriorates.

NSG 101 (2 decks)

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