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APES_LC > Unit_3_APES > Flashcards

Unit_3_APES Flashcards

1
Q

What are protons

A

Positive charge, in the nucleus, determine (along with neutrons) the mass of the atom

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2
Q

What are Neutrons

A

No charge, located in the nucleus, determine mass of atom (along with protons)

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3
Q

What are Electrons

A

Negative charge, located in orbitals around the nucleus. They determine what chemical bonds the atom will form

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4
Q

What are Molecules

A

Made up of two or more atoms

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5
Q

What three elements primarily make up air?

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Potential Energy is…

A

Stored with an objects position or chemical structure

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7
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

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8
Q

What is electromagnetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy with the ability to travel through space as waves

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9
Q

Explain Ultraviolet radiation

A

Can penetrate living tissue and cause damage; it’s visible by some species

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10
Q

Explain visuals radiation

A

Range of wavelengths detectable by human eye

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11
Q

Explain infrared radiation

A

Heat energy visible to some nocturnal species

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12
Q

How do plants gain mass

A

Through photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and converted to sugars using sunlight for energy

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13
Q

How do animals and fungi gain energy?

A

Cell respiration. The food they ingest provides both energy and matter needed for growth

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14
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changes form

Ex. Food chains

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15
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

During every transformation, some energy is given off as heat

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16
Q

What is Gross Primary Productivity? (GPP)

A

The total amount of energy producers capture from the sun

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17
Q

Why is cell respiration important?

A

Most energy is lost as heat and plants preform cell respiration to maintain itself

18
Q

What is the Net Primary Producivity (NPP)

A

The remaining output of energy that is stored as leaves, fruit, stems or its roots

19
Q

Explain the biogeochemical cycle

A

Elements move between living as non living parts of the ecosystem as part of this process.

Processes: move the element

Sinks: absorb the element

Sources: release the element

20
Q

Water cycle: codensation

A

Water vapor cools and becomes liquid water

21
Q

Water cycle: precipitation

A

Liquid water falls form the atmosphere

22
Q

Water cycle: run off

A

Moves water across land towards river, lake or ocean

23
Q

Water cycle: infiltration

A

Water sleeps down through the soil

24
Q

Water cycle: uptake

A

Plants absorb water through their roots

25
Q

Water cycle: evaporation

A

Liquid water is heated to water vapor

26
Q

Carbon cycle: exchange

A

Co2 moves back and forth between the ocean and atmosphere

27
Q

Carbon cycle: burial

A

Carbon entered the earths crust, eventually becoming a mineral or fossil fuel

28
Q

Carbon cycle: combustion

A

Burning plant matter and fossil fuels

29
Q

Carbon cycle: photosynthesis

A

Producing sugars by absorbing Co2 and sunlight

30
Q

Carbon cycle: respiration

A

Metabolizing sugars as energy source, releasing Co2

31
Q

Nitrogen Cycle: Biotic Fixation

A

Nitrogen gas is converted to solid ammonium by soil bacteria

32
Q

Nitrogen cycle: assimilation

A

Producers absorb nh4 or nh3 from the soil through their roots

33
Q

Nitrogen cycle: Abiotic Fixation

A

Nitrogen gas is converted to solid nitrates by lightning or synthetic production

34
Q

Nitrogen cycle: Ammonification

A

Decomposes break down organic matter into ammonium

35
Q

Nitrogen cycle: nitrification

A

Soil bacteria convert ammunition into nitrates and nitrites

36
Q

Nitrogen cycle: Denitrification

A

Soil bacteria convert nitrates and nitrites into nitrogen gas

37
Q

Nitrogen cycle: leaching

A

Percolating water dissolves soil nitrogen and carries it away

38
Q

Phosphorus cycle: weathering

A

Water breaks down rock and releases phosphates into soil, rivers, lakes, ocean

39
Q

Phosphorus cycle: Mining

A

Phosphates are removed from underground minerals to make fertilizer

40
Q

Sulfur cycle: acid precipitation

A

Sulfate from combustion and volcanic eruptions mixes with water vapor, forming sulfuric acid

APES_LC (3 decks)

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