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Beginning Chinese Reader Part 1 John Defrancis > Unit3 > Flashcards

Unit3 Flashcards

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Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards
1
Q

因

A

因 [yīn] because,cause, (=因为 yīnwèi) because, (=原因 yuányīn) reason

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2
Q

為

A

為[wèi] act as,be; as
for, for the sake of, in order to, in this connection
[wéi] do, act, act as, be, become; 认为 rènwéi think or believe that…; 以为 yǐwéi think or believe erroneously that…
{Compare with 办 bàn do}

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3
Q

为

A

为[wèi] act as,be; as
for, for the sake of, in order to, in this connection
[wéi] do, act, act as, be, become; 认为 rènwéi think or believe that…; 以为 yǐwéi think or believe erroneously that…
{Compare with 办 bàn do}

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4
Q

所

A

所 [suǒ] that which, as in suóyǒu (de) that which there is’, I.e. ‘all’; 2 therefore (in suóyi)

place; 所以 suǒyǐ so, therefore; 所有 suǒyǒu all; 厕所 cèsuǒ toilet

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5
Q

以

A

以 [yǐ] take, by, with ;hence

according to, because of, in order to; 可以 kěyǐ OK, may; 所以 suǒyǐ so, therefore, as a result; 以外 yǐwài beyond, except

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6
Q

雖

A

[suī] (=虽然 suīrán) although

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7
Q

虽

A

[suī] (=虽然 suīrán) although

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9
Q

然

A

然 [rán] right, correct, so, like that; 虽然 suīrán although; 忽然 hūrán suddenly; 当然 dāngrán of course; 自然 zìrán nature

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10
Q

可

A

[kě] may, be permitted; indeed, however

able, (=可以 kěyǐ) may, can, (=可是 kěshì) but, however; 可爱 kě’ài loveable, cute; 可能 kě’néng possible, probable, maybe; 可口可乐 kěkǒukělè Coca Cola
[kè] 可汗 kèhán khan

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11
Q

了

A

了 [le] ; (aspect particle)

你来了! Nǐ láile! You have come! 我累了! Wǒ lèile! I’ve gotten tired! 那好了! Nà hǎole! That’s OK (now)! 我只请了一位客人. Wǒ zhǐ qǐngle yí wèi kèren. I invited only one guest.
[liǎo] end, finish, settle, dispose of, know clearly, to be able, (=了解 liǎojiě) understand, comprehend; 了了 liǎoliaǒ clearly understand, settle (a debt/etc.), to be intelligent; 了了 liǎole to be over/ended/finnish/settled; 你卖不了! Nǐ mài bùliǎo! You will not be able to sell (it)!
[liào] (=瞭 liaò) to survey/watch
{Compare with 子 zǐ child}

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12
Q

儿

A

[ér] child,son
; 儿子 érzi son; 女儿 nǚ’ér daughter
[r] (noun suffix); 这儿 zhèr here; 那儿 nàr there
[rén] (when referring to the radical)
{Compare with 兄 xiōng brother, 几 jǐ table, 臾 yú moment}

r (non-syllabic)

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14
Q

兒

A

[ér] child; 儿子 érzi son; 女儿 nǚ’ér daughter
[r] (noun suffix); 这儿 zhèr here; 那儿 nàr there
[rén] (when referring to the radical)
{Compare with 兄 xiōng brother, 几 jǐ table, 臾 yú moment}

r (non-syllabic)

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15
Q

报

A

[bào] newspaper,journal

(=报告 bàogào) report, (=报纸 bàozhǐ) newspaper, (=电报 diànbào) telegram

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16
Q

報

A

[bào] (=报告 bàogào) report, (=报纸 bàozhǐ) newspaper, (=电报 diànbào) telegram

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18
Q

儿(F兒)子

A

Érzi

Son

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19
Q

儿(F兒)女

A

Érnǚ

Sons and daughter

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20
Q

女儿(F兒)

A

Nǚ’ér

Daughter

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21
Q

门(F門) 口儿(F兒)

A

MénKǒu(r)[Ér]

Door way

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22
Q

这(F這) 儿(F兒)

A

Zhèr

Here

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23
Q

那儿(F兒)

A

Nèr
There

Nǎr
Where?

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24
Q

因为(F為)

A

Yīnwèi

Because,since

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25
Q

所以

A

suǒyi

Therefore, hence

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26
Q

虽(F雖)然

A

Suīrán

Although

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27
Q

可是

A

Kěshì

But, however,nevertheless

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28
Q

可以

A

Kěyǐ

Can, may, possible

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29
Q

可能

A

Kěnéng

Be possible, possibly, possibility

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30
Q

看见(F見)

A

Kànjian

See

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31
Q

以为(F為)

A

Yǐwéi
Suppose, think(usually “think incorrectly” in contrast to 想 xiǎng (think, feel, consider) which is never used in this sense)

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32
Q

不见(F見) 了

A

Bùjiànle
Not see any longer, be no longer
Visible, disappear, be lost.

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33
Q

所有的

A

Suǒyǒude

All

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34
Q

为(F為)甚麽

A

Wèi-shénmo?

Why?

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35
Q

是麽/吗(F嗎)?

A

shìma?

Is that so?, Really?

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36
Q

可不是(麽/吗(F嗎)!

A

Kěbushì (ma)

Isn’t that so!, Yes indeed!

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37
Q

家

A

家 [jiā] home, house, family; 国家 guójiā nation; 大家 dàjiā everybody
[jie] 整天家 zhěngtiānjie all day long; 家里 jiālǐ (at) home, (in the) family

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38
Q

校

A

校 [xiào] (=学校 xuéxiào) school, college

[jiào] (=校对 jiàoduì, 校正 jiàozhèng) proofread

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39
Q

城

A

城 [chéng] (=城市 chéngshì) city, wall; 长城 chángchéng Great Wall

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40
Q

邊

A

[biān] side, border; on the side of something, margin, limit, , (=旁边 pángbiān) side; 这边 zhèbiān over here

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41
Q

边

A

[biān] side, border; on the side of something, margin, limit, , (=旁边 pángbiān) side; 这边 zhèbiān over here

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42
Q

在

A

在 [zài] be at; 现在 xiànzài now; 存在 cúnzài exist

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43
Q

上

A

上 [shàng] go to (a place )above, on, over, top, (go) up, last, previous
[shǎng] 上声 shǎngshēng 3rd tone in Mandarin
[shang] (when used as a verb complement)
{Compare with 下 xià under}

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44
Q

下

A

下 [xià] below, under, (go) down, next (as opposed to previous/last)
{Compare with 上 shàng above}

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45
Q

裏

A

[lǐ] inside, interior neighbourhood, half kilometer, , (F裏,裡) in, lining; 哪里? nǎli? where?; 那里 nàli there; 这里 zhèli here

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46
Q

里

A

[lǐ] inside, interior neighbourhood, half kilometer, , (F裏,裡) in, lining; 哪里? nǎli? where?; 那里 nàli there; 这里 zhèli here

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49
Q

头

A

头[tóu, tou (substantive suffix)] beginning, head, top, first, ; 头发 tóufa hair
[tou] 石头 shítou stone

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50
Q

頭

A

頭 [tóu, tou (substantive suffix)] beginning, head, top, first, ; 头发 tóufa hair
[tou] 石头 shítou stone

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51
Q

海

A

海 [hǎi] sea,ocean, big lake, , (=海洋 hǎiyáng, =大海 dàhǎi) sea, ocean

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52
Q

長

A

長 [zhǎng] grow up, chief, head, older, elder

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53
Q

海邊

A

Hǎibīan (r)

Seashore,seaside, beach

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54
Q

海口

A

Hǎikǒu

Seaport

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55
Q

海外

A

Hǎiwài

Overseeas

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56
Q

大家

A

Dàjiā

Everybody

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57
Q

人家

A

Rénjia
People, other people, other
Rénjiā
Human, habitation, household

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57
Q

国(F國)家

A

Guójiā

Nation, state,country

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58
Q

小说家

A

Xiǎoshuō jiā

Novelist

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59
Q

文学(F學)家

A

Wénxuéjiā

Literary man

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60
Q

想家

A

Xiǎng jiā

Think of ones home,be homesick.

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61
Q

家長

A

Jiāzhǎng

Parents

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62
Q

校長

A

Xiàozhǎng

Head of a school, principal, president

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63
Q

校学(F學)

A

Xiàoxué

Educational institution, school, college, university.

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64
Q

地下

A

Dìxià

Below ground, underground

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65
Q

地下车(F車)

A

Dìxiàchē

Subway

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66
Q

中心

A

Zhōngxīn

Center, pivot,heart of something

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67
Q

上下

A

Shàngxià

Above and below, up and down, superior and inferior, ascend and descend.

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68
Q

上下文

A

Shàngxiàwén

Context, text above and below ) a term derived from Chinese vertical writing. )

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69
Q

马上

A

Mǎshàng

Immidiately

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70
Q

这(F這)里(F裏)

A

Zhèlǐ

Here (written in general mandarin)

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71
Q

那里(F裏)

A

Nàlǐ

there(written in general mandarin)

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72
Q

那里(F裏)

A

Nálǐ

Where(written in general mandarin)

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73
Q

在外

A

Zàiwài

1)be extra, not be included 3)not included

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74
Q

为(F為)的是

A

Wèideshì

Because, for the reason that, so as to

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75
Q

不然

A

Bùrán

Otherwise( usually used with the proverbial with jiù)

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76
Q

要不然

A

Yàobùrán
Otherwise( usually used with the proverbial
with jiù)

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77
Q

一块(F塊)儿(F兒)

A

Yīkuàr

Together, the same place

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78
Q

还(F還)有

A

Hái yǒu

Also have, and (before the last of a series) in addition, moreover

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79
Q

上海

A

Shànghǎi

Chinas largest city

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80
Q

张家口

A

Zhāngjiākǒu

Kalgan or changchiakou [literally zhāng family pass]
An important town in northern Hopei Province

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81
Q

日本海

A

Rìběn hǎi

Sea of Japan

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82
Q

地中海

A

Dìzhōnghǎi

Mediterranean Sea

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83
Q

店

A

店 [diàn] (=商店 shāngdiàn) store, shop; 饭店 fàndiàn restaurant

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84
Q

远

A

Yuǎn

Far

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86
Q

遠

A

Yuǎn

Far

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87
Q

近

A

Jìn

Near

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88
Q

東

A

[dōng] east, master, owner, (=东方 dōngfāng) east; 东北 dōngběi northeast; 东西 dōngxi thing, creature
{Compare with 车 chē vehicle}

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89
Q

东

A

东 [dōng] east, master, owner, (=东方 dōngfāng) east; 东北 dōngběi northeast; 东西 dōngxi thing, creature
{Compare with 车 chē vehicle}

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91
Q

西

A

西 [xī] west, western; 东西 dōngxi thing; 西北 xīběi northwest

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92
Q

南

A

南 [nán] south; 西南 xīnán southwest

[nā] 南无 nāmó 〈Sanskrit〉 to give oneself totally to

93
Q

北

A

北 [běi] north; 东北 dōngběi northeast; 北京 Běijīng

94
Q

离

A

离
Lí
(Distant) from

96
Q

離

A

離
Lí
(Distant) from

97
Q

湖

A

湖 [hú] lake; 湖泊 húpō lakes; 湖南 Húnán; 湖北 Húběi

98
Q

河

A

河 [hé] river; 河南省 Hénán shěng Henan Province; 运河 yùnhé canal

99
Q

口

A

口 [kǒu] (measure for persons from census point of view)

100
Q

地土

A

Dìtǔ

Soil, land, territory

101
Q

土地

A

Tǔdì

Soil, land, territory

102
Q

书(F書)店

A

Shūdiàn

Book store

103
Q

东(F東)西

A

Dōngxi

east and west

104
Q

东(F東)西

A

Dōng xi

Thing, object

105
Q

手边(F邊) {儿(F兒)}

A

Shǒubiān(r)

At hand, on hand, (readily) available.

106
Q

手上

A

Shǒushang

At hand, on hand, (readily) available.

107
Q

美女

A

Měinǚ

A beautiful woman, a beauty

108
Q

四 边(F邊) {儿(F兒)}

A

Sìbiān(r)

(On) four sides all around.

109
Q

河北

A

Héběi

Hopeh Provence

110
Q

河南

A

Hénán

Honan Provence.

111
Q

湖北

A

Húběi

Hupeh provenance

112
Q

湖南

A

Húnán

Hunan provenance

113
Q

山东(F東)

A

Shāndōng

Shantung province

114
Q

山西

A

Shānxī

Shansi province.

115
Q

东(F東)北

A

Dōngběi

Northeast, The Northeast, Manchuria

116
Q

西湖

A

Xī hú
A western lake
West lake (one of China’s foremost scenic spots, near hangchow)

117
Q

西山

A

xī shān
Western hills or mountains
Xī Shān
Western hills(a popular recreation area near Peking)

118
Q

东(F東)海

A

Dōnghǎi

East China Sea

119
Q

东(F東)海大学(F學)

A 
Dōnghǎi dàxué
Tunghai University (in Taiwan)
120
Q

南海

A

Nánhǎi

South China Sea; name of a district in Kwangtung Province

121
Q

近东(F東)

A

Jìndōng

Near east

122
Q

中东(F東)

A

Zhōngdōng

Middle East

123
Q

远(F遠)东(F東)

A

Yuǎndōng

Far East

124
Q

远(F遠)东(F東)大学(F學)

A

Yuǎndōng dàxué

Far Eastern University

125
Q

长(F長)城

A

Cháng Chéng

Great Wall of China

126
Q

太湖

A 
Tàihú
Tai lake (between Kiangsu and Chekiang Province)
127
Q

北美

A

Běiměi

North America

128
Q

南美

A

Nánměi

South America

129
Q

西东(F東) 大学(F學)

A

Xidōng Dàxué

Seton Hall University

130
Q

從

A

從 [cóng] from, through, join, follower, secondary

[cōng] 黑从从 hēicōngcōng murky

130
Q

从

A

从 [cóng] from (time or place), since (time) through, join, follower, secondary
[cōng] 黑从从 hēicōngcōng murky

132
Q

到

A

到 [dào] to, towards, until, arrive, reach

133
Q

来

A

来 [lái] come; 原来 yuánlái originally, as a matter of fact; 来年 láinián coming/next year(s)
[lai] (when used as a verb complement); 起来 qǐlai get up

134
Q

來

A

來 [lái] come; 原来 yuánlái originally, as a matter of fact; 来年 láinián coming/next year(s)
[lai] (when used as a verb complement); 起来 qǐlai get up

135
Q

去

A

去 [qù] go, leave, depart (opposite of 来 lái)

136
Q

走

A

走 [zǒu] go, walk, leave

137
Q

坐

A

坐 [zuò] seat, sit, travel by (car/plane/etc.), put a kettle (or similar) on the fire, ; 请坐 qǐngzuò please have a seat; 坐公共汽车 zuò gōngòng qìchē ride a bus

138
Q

船

A

船 [chuán] boat, ship; 渡船 dùchuán ferry; 宇宙飞船 yǔzhòu fēichuán “cosmic flying boat” = spaceship

139
Q

路

A

路 [lù] path, way, journey, distance, means, sequence, logic, sort, grade, class, , (=道路 dàolù) road

140
Q

里

A

里 [lǐ] Chinese (mile) neighbourhood, half kilometer, , (F裏,裡) in, inside, lining; 哪里? nǎli? where?; 那里 nàli there; 这里 zhèli here

141
Q

华

A

华 [huá] glory, splendor, magnificent, (=中华 Zhōnghuá) China

[Huà] ; 华山 Huà Shān (mountain in Shaanxi)

142
Q

華

A

華 [huá] China, (a surname), glory, splendor, magnificent, (=中华 Zhōnghuá) China
[Huà] ; 华山 Huà Shān (mountain in Shaanxi)

143
Q

本

A

This, one’s own

144
Q

口

A

Kǒu

Entrance (to a street)

145
Q

日报

A

Rìbào

Daily paper

146
Q

月报

A

Yuè bào

Monthly journal

147
Q

學(学)报

A

XuéBào

Monthly journal

149
Q

(马)馬路

A

mǎlù

Road, highway,street

150
Q

路口[(兒)儿]

A

Lùkǒu(r)

Entrance to a street, intersection

151
Q

十字路口[(兒)儿]

A

Shízì lùkǒu(r)

Intersection, right angle junction of two streets (i.e. like the character 十)

152
Q

文人

A 
Wénrén
Literary man (versus Buisness man, military man) Man of
153
Q

能力

A

Nénglì

Ability, power, energy

154
Q

图书

A

Túshū

Charts and books

155
Q

走路

A

Zǒulù

Walk, go on foot

156
Q

坐船

A

Zuò chuán

Go by boat

157
Q

說大话

A

Shuō dàhuà

Boast, exaggerate

158
Q

小心

A

Xiǎoxīn

Be careful

159
Q

可見

A

Kějiàn
One can see that
It is obvious that
Apparently ( referring to previously mentioned event)

161
Q

不 到

A

Bù dào

Not reach, less than

161
Q

在心目中

A

Zài xīnmù zhōng

In one’s mind, in one’s thoughts

162
Q

本来

A

Běnlái

Originally

163
Q

近来

A

Jìnlái

Recently,lately

164
Q

一边(F邊)…一边(F邊)

A

Yìbiān… Yìbiān

On the one hand… on the other hand.

165
Q

本地

A

Běndì

This region; local native

166
Q

本国

A

Běnguó

This country

167
Q

本人

A

Běnrén

Self ( I, myself; you,yourself; he,himself

168
Q

华(F華)里

A

Huálǐ

Chinese mile

169
Q

英里

A

Yīnglǐ

English mile

171
Q

中山路

A

Zhōngshān lù

Sun Yatsen Avenue (about the equivalent of “Washington ave” in America

172
Q

大中

A 
Dà zhōng
Great China (in names of places and institutions)
173
Q

中華(f华)

A

Zhōnghuá

China (formal)

174
Q

大華(f华)

A 
Dà huá 
Great China (in names of places and institutions)
175
Q

东(東)華(f华)

A

Dōng Huá
East china
(in names of places and institutions)

176
Q

南華(f华)

A 
Nánhuá (F huá)
South china (in names of places and institutions)
177
Q

華(f华)北

A

Huá běi

North China

178
Q

華(f华)东(F東)

A

Huá dōng

East china

179
Q

華(f华)南

A

Huá nán

South china

180
Q

華(f华)西

A

Huá xi

West china

181
Q

華(f华)中

A

Huá zhōng

Central china

182
Q

華(f华)美

A

Huá měi

China and the United States, China and America, Sino-American

182
Q

華(f华)西大學(f学)

A

Huá xi dàxué

West China Union University (former Christian university in Chengtu, now merged with Szechuan university)

183
Q

山东(F東)大學(f学)

A

山东大学
Shāndōng dàxué
Shantung university (in Tsingtao, shantung)

184
Q

西北大學(f学)

A 
Xīběi dàxué 
Northwest University (in Sian, Shensi)
185
Q

第

A

[dì] indicating ordinal number, ~th; 第三世界 dì-sān shìjiè 3rd World; 第一次 dì-yī cì 1st time

186
Q

次

A

[cì]measure indicating a time or occasion

occurence, time, second, inferior, number of times; 两次 liǎng cì twice

187
Q

号

A

[hào] ( measure indicating number in a series, such as days of a month ) name, number, mark
[háo] yell

188
Q

號

A

[hào] ( measure indicating number in a series, such as days of a month ) name, number, mark
[háo] yell

189
Q

条

A

[tiáo] (measure for slim objects, roads, fish, oxen etc.

twig, strip, item, ; 条件 tiáojiàn condition, term

190
Q

條

A

[tiáo] (measure for slim objects, roads, fish, oxen etc.

twig, strip, item, ; 条件 tiáojiàn condition, term

191
Q

今

A

[jīn] the present,now, this; 今天 jīntiān today

192
Q

明

A

[míng] bright, clear, distinct, next (day or year)[before day “tian” or “niàn” before year] , ; 明白 míngbai clear, understand; 明天 míngtiān tomorrow

193
Q

天

A

[tiān] sky, heaven, god, day,
(=天空 tiānkōng) sky; 天气 tiānqì weather
{天干 tiāngān the Ten Heavenly Stems: 甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸 jiǎ-yǐ-bǐng-dīng-wù-jǐ-gēng-xīn-rén-guǐ (these characters are sometimes used as ordinal numbers}
{Compare with 夫 fū man and 无 wú without}

194
Q

年

A

[nián] year, ; 今年 jīnnián this year; 明年 míngnián next year; 去年 qùnián last year; 中年 zhōngnián middle age

195
Q

又

A

又 [yòu] both… and…, again (before verbs); another (before number, e.g. 又一天 another day)

196
Q

民

A

[mín] (=人民 rénmín) people, ; 民主 mǐnzhǔ democracy

197
Q

今天

A

Jīntiān

Today

198
Q

明天

A

Míngtiān

Tomorrow

199
Q

白天

A

Báitiān

Daytime

200
Q

天天

A

Tiāntiān

Every day

201
Q

今年

A

Jīnnián

This year

202
Q

明年

A

Míngnián

Next year

203
Q

去年

A

Qùnián

Last year

204
Q

年年

A

Nián nián

Every year??

205
Q

年月日

A

Nián yue rì

Date (used in writing)

206
Q

上次

A

Shàng cì

Last time, previously

207
Q

下次

A

Xià cì

The next time, later on

208
Q

头(F頭)次

A

Tóucì

First time

209
Q

有一天

A

Yǒu yītiān

One day, once, once upon a time.

210
Q

有一次

A

Yǒu yīcì

On one occasion, once

211
Q

又…又

A

Yòu… Yòu

Both… And

212
Q

又因為

A

Yòu yīnwèi

For the reason that

213
Q

一來… 二來…

A

Yī lái…Èr lái…
In the first place…in the second place…
First place… Second place…(purpose or reason is expressed)

214
Q

明白

A

Míngbái
Understand,clearly, be clear about something;
Clear, clearly understandable.

215
Q

明说(說)

A

Míngshuō

State clearly, state frankly, state explicitly.

216
Q

文明

A

Wénmíng

Civilization, culture; civilized cultured

217
Q

人民

A

Rénmín

The people, the masses

218
Q

说(說)明

A

Shuōmíng

Explain, make clear; explanation

219
Q

中华(F華)民国

A

Zhōnghuá mínguó

Republic of China (established 1912)

220
Q

民国

A

Mínguó

Abbreviation for Republuc of China

221
Q

三民

A

Sānmín
Three people’s ( abbreviation for Sanmin Zhuyi three people’s principles,’ a book bye Sun Yatsen. Sanmin is widely used in institutional names.)

222
Q

人民日报

A

Rénmín rìbào

People’s daily (published in Peking as the chief government organ of the people’s republic of China)

Beginning Chinese Reader Part 1 John Defrancis (3 decks)

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