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Volume 2 > unit2-1 > Flashcards

unit2-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of hazards?

A

Biologiclal, chemical., physical
noise, radiation, thermal extremes, and virbration

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2
Q

Biological hazards

A

molds, yeast, viruses, parasites, and insects
can cause such as HIV, Bloodborn Pathogen
contaminate food items and making somone ill

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3
Q

Chemical hazards

A

acids, solvents ,lubricating oils, and carbons
contact to dermatitis or skin

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4
Q

Physial hazards

A

thermal extremes and may reduce the effectiveness of the worker’s immune system
Repetitive strain on joints and body parts and may casuse inflammation and or trauma

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5
Q

How we can prevent noise?

A

removing the noise source or by removing the worker from the source

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6
Q

What are two different types of Radiations

A

non-inozing and inozing

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7
Q

Thermal extremes

A

exposed to HOT and COLD temperatures can suffer from thermal stress.

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8
Q

Vibration and pressure

A

Whole body vibration increases respiration and the physiological activity of the heart.
Potential damage to reproductive system
Prolonged of Vibration can damage the endons and nerves casuing **Raynaud’s phenomenon **or dead hand

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9
Q

Toxicology

A

Toxicity is defined as the capacity of a substance to produce injury or illness

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10
Q

Toxicology factors

A

Types of substances
Formulation
Volume or concentration

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11
Q

Types of substances

A

a key factor in determining the toxicity of a material

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12
Q

Formulation

A
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13
Q

volume or concentration

A
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14
Q

factors affecting the individuals

A

Route of entry, frequency of exposure, duration of the exposure and individual differences (ages or weight)

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15
Q

Route of entry examples

A

Inhalation - Hard to determine
Ingestion - At least common route
Absorption - The common route

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16
Q

caveats

A

joea sahang wndml tkgkd

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17
Q

inhalation

A

Respiratory tract Human lungs - tissue interfere or surface area where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

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18
Q

absorption

A

It’s through the skin contact - The MOST common route

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19
Q

Ingestion

A
  1. The number of substance can be fewer since it’s virtually impossible to ingest a vapor or gas
  2. Frequency and degree of contact
20
Q

Number of exposures

A

Considered along with the other factors to determine the toxicity of a substance.
Toxic effects -acute (rapid onset), chronic (slow onset)

21
Q

Duration of exposure

A

A short exposure to ahigh concentration might cause more damage than a long-term exposure to a low concentration.
It also can be opposite

22
Q

Individual differences

A

Age and weight
- Older people do not handle toxic exposures as well as younger people. However, health people may be able to handle toxic agents better than a youngger worker.
- Heavier individuals with a higher percent of body fat may absorb and store more toxic
- Influencing factors absorption, body storage, metabolism and the ability to eliminate toxic substances.

23
Q

STQ #3 what are two environmental factors that can affect human responses.

A

Temperature and Environmental chemicals

24
Q

Temperature examples

A
  1. Sarin increases in toxicity as the temperature decreases.
  2. organophosphate pesticides increase in toxicity as the temperature increases.
25
Q

Environmental chemicals

A

It affect the body’s response but do not directly affect toxic agents.
However, the synergistic effect when a worker is exposed to two chemicals.

26
Q

STQ #2 what is a ionizing radiation?

A

Electromagnetic radiation with energy sufficient to cause the loss of an electron from the matter with which it interacts.

27
Q

STQ #3 What are some examples of ionizing radiations?

A

Alpha, beta and neutron particles, gamma radiation, and x-rays are examples of ionizing radiation.

28
Q

STQ #4 What are some examples of non-ionizing radiations?

A

Ultraviolet, infrared, laser and microwaves

29
Q

STQ #1 What are the three groups of factors for determining the toxic levels of specific industrial hazards?

A

These factors are divided into three groups which include factors affecting the agent, the individual and the environment.

30
Q
A
31
Q

Toxicity of specific material

A

Pest management and entomology shop

32
Q

Pesticide toxicity

A

largely dependent on its chemical makeup
Improper handing of pesticides during mixing and application can result in serious injury, even death

33
Q

Inorganic pesticides

A

Formulated from heavy metals and are extremely toxic to warm-blooded animals.

34
Q

synthetic pesticides

A

This group includes chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates and the carmates.

35
Q

Organophosphates

A

toxic effects in mammals
Cholinesterase, an enzyme essential to the proper functioning of the body’s nervous system.

36
Q

Organophosphate types

A

Malathion-slightly toxic
Diazinon-Moderately toxic
parathion-Highly toxic

37
Q

Solvents

A

Kerosene and fuel oil are widely used.

38
Q

Rodenticides

A

Inorganic and organic chemicals
Kill rodents

39
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Rodent control programs
first anticoagulants used was warfarin.

40
Q

Fumigants

A

Only for specialized problems in rodent control and for insect control in selected situations.
One type of fumigant is Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) - Extremely toxic to human.
Phosphine is another fumigant that is “state of art” for food product fumigation because there are no toxic residues. Can use only certified trained pest controllers who have special application equipment.

41
Q

Physiological classification of airborne toxic materials

A

Airborne toxic materials produce many physiological responses in the body. Affecting organ, and organ system which called as Target Organ

42
Q

What are Physical classes of toxic materials ?

A

Gases/vapes
Particulate matter
liquids
solids

43
Q

Gases and vapes

A

Low density and viscosity
It has a great expansion and contraction abilities, depend upon temperature and pressure and distribute evenly throughout any container.

44
Q

Particluate matter

A
45
Q

Liquids

A
46
Q

Solids

A
47
Q
A

Volume 2 (3 decks)

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