Unit1 Section1- The atom Flashcards
What is the equation for relative atomic mass?
Sum of abundance x mass number of isotope/100
Which order do the 4s and 3d orbitals fill up and lose electrons?
4s fills before 3d but 4s loses electrons before 3d
What is the shape of an s orbital?
Spherical
What is the shape of a p orbital?
A pair of lobes
How do Cr and Cu fill up differently?
4s gives one of their electron to 3d so it only has one electron in the orbital
What is the general equation for the first ionisation?
M(g) —> M+(g) + e-
How does the atomic radius affect ionisation energy?
If there is a bigger difference between the electron and the nucleus there will be a weaker electrostatic attraction which requires less energy to break
How does the nuclear charge affect ionisation energy?
If there is more protons then there will a stronger electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons which will require more energy to break
How does shielding affect ionisation energy?
If there is more energy shells then there will be a weaker electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and electron which will require less energy to break
Why does Nitrogen have a higher ionisation energy than Oxygen?
Nitrogen only has one electron in its p orbital where as Oxygen has a pair of electrons in its p orbital which will repel each other and will be easier to remove
What is electron bombardment?
A sample is vapouriest and then high energy electrons are fired at the sample. An electron is knocked off each atom
What is electrospray ionisation?
A sample is dissolved in a solvent and then injected through a nozzle at a high voltage. This causes the atoms to gain a proton
What is acceleration?
Positive ions are attracted to a negatively charged plate
What is drift?
Ions drift through a vacuum chamber and ions with a lower mass will move faster
What is detection?
Ions hit a detecter plate and each gain an electron. A current forms as the electrons flow. The current size is proportional to the abundance
