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7th Grade Science > Unit VIII - Plants and Animals > Flashcards

Unit VIII - Plants and Animals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

asexual reproduction

A

producing offspring without sperm and egg (only one parent)

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2
Q

cell

A

the smallest unit of life (most basic building block of life)

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3
Q

cellular respiration

A

chemical reaction cells used to make energy

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4
Q

circulation

A

movement of blood through the body (transports nutrients and wastes)

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5
Q

digestion

A

the breakdown of food into nutrients and wast

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6
Q

ectothermic

A

unable to maintain own body temperature (cold-blooded)

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7
Q

endothermic

A

able to maintain own body temperature (warm-blooded)

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8
Q

excretion

A

the elimination of wastes, e.g., urine or sweat, from the body

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9
Q

external fertilization

A

reproduction which involves sperm fertilizing egg cells outside of the body

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10
Q

eukaryotic

A

having cells which contain a nucleus

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11
Q

evolution

A

the change in a population over many generations

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12
Q

function

A

the action that’s carried out by a particular structure in the body

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13
Q

heterotrophic

A

unable to make its own food

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14
Q

homeostasis

A

the process of keeping internal body conditions constant (equilibrium)

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15
Q

hormones

A

molecules produced by the endocrine system to coordinate body functions in response to changes in the environment

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16
Q

internal fertilization

A

reproduction involving sperm fertilizing an egg in the female

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17
Q

locomotion

A

the act of moving from one place to another

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18
Q

motile

A

able to move

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19
Q

nutrients

A

molecules used by the body as an energy source

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20
Q

organ

A

a structure in the body made of many different kinds of tissue

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21
Q

organ system

A

different organs that work together to accomplish a function

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22
Q

organism

A

a living thing made up of many organ systems working together

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23
Q

photosynthesis

A

the chemical reaction plants use to make their own food

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24
Q

physical characteristics

A

external and internal observable traits of an animal’s body

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25
Q

reproduction

A

the process of producing offspring from the combining of sex cells

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26
Q

respiration

A

inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide (gas exchange)

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27
Q

structure

A

the way in which the parts are arranged

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28
Q

symmetry

A

the quality of an animal’s body having similar halves

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29
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells working together to accomplish a specific function

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30
Q

what 4 things make an organism?

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

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31
Q

what parts does food go through in digestive system? (order)

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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32
Q

how is homeostasis maintained in the digestive system? (2)

A

pancreas (maintains insulin) and liver (maintains glucose and toxins)

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33
Q

how is homeostasis maintained in the respiration system? (1)

A

diaphragm (regulates breath per minute, amount of oxygen, and keeps blood ph constant)

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34
Q

how is homeostasis maintained in the excretion system? (1)

A

kidneys (regulates osmotic pressure, blood pressure, and amount of urea)

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35
Q

types of blood vessels (3)

A

artery, capillary, veins

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36
Q

how is homeostasis maintained in the circulatory system? (2)

A

heart (contracts and relaxes when exercising) and blood vessels (controls amount of blood flow in body)

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37
Q

how is homeostasis maintained by the nervous system? (3)

A

hypothalamus (secretes releasing hormones), pituitary gland (releases hormones) and adrenal gland (releases adrenaline to cause muscles to contract and relax)

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38
Q

formula for calculating time

A

y = 1/2 x a x t^2

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39
Q

what are the characteristics of all animals? (4)

A

multi-cellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and motile

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40
Q

how are animals classified?

A

based on characteristics.

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41
Q

classification (sections to classify)

A

KPCOFGS (king phillip came over for good spaghetti)

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42
Q

characteristics of PORIFERA (3)

A
  • body made of two cell layers w spongin and spicules in between
  • obtain nutrients from water flowing through pores
  • reproduce by releasing sperm into water that will join with egg cells in another sponge
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43
Q

examples of animals from PORIFERA (1)

A

sponge

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44
Q

characteristics of CNIDARIA (3)

A
  • body made of two cell layers and includes stinging cells
  • predators with mouths and “stomachs”
  • can reproduce both sexually and asexually
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45
Q

examples of animals from CNIDARIA (3)

A

jellyfish, corals, hydra

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46
Q

characteristics of PLATYHELMINTHES (3)

A
  • body flat made of three cell layers
  • mouth that takes in nutrients and expels waste
  • produce sperm and eggs)
47
Q

examples of PLATYHELMINTHES (2)

A

tapeworm, planarian

48
Q

characteristics of NEMATODA (3)

A
  • body made of three cell layers with internal cavity
  • has digestive system w two openings and nervous system
  • cycle involves larva stage before maturity
49
Q

examples of NEMATODA (3)

A

c. elegans, heartworms, ascaris

50
Q

characteristics of GASTROPODS (3)

A

move on muscular foot, tongue that can scrape, and mucus allows gliding

51
Q

characteristics of BIVALVES (3)

A

two shell halves, filter feeders, live in water

52
Q

characteristics of CEPHALOPODS (3)

A

closed circulatory system, mantle that acts like a shell, rapid expulsion

53
Q

characteristics of ANNELIDA (5)

A

digestive system with two openings, body made of repeating segments, nervous system with a brain, closed circulatory system, earthworms are hemaphroditic

54
Q

examples of ANNELIDA (1)

A

earthworm

55
Q

characteristics of ARTHROPODA (4)

A

joined appendages, exoskeleton, network of tubes to gain oxygen, internal fertilization

56
Q

how does internal fertilization aid animals?

A

internal fertilization helps to live in dry climates where there is no water.

57
Q

examples of ARTHROPODA

A

insects

58
Q

characteristics of ECHINODERMATA (4)

A

water-vascular system to transport nutrients, tube feet which act as suction, digestive system which includes mouth and anus, sexual and asexual reproduction

59
Q

what is the meaning of ECHINODERMATA?

A

echino - spiky , derm - skin

60
Q

examples of protostomes (3)

A

mollusks, annelids, and arthropods

61
Q

examples of denterostomes (2)

A

echinoderms and chordates

62
Q

examples of ECHINODERMATA (3)

A

sea urchins, sea cucumber, sea stars

63
Q

characteristics of CHORDATA (4)

A

pharyngeal slits, dorsal nerve cord, notochord, and post-anal tail

64
Q

pharyngeal slits

A

openings that connect throat to outside

65
Q

dorsal nerve cord

A

down the organism’s back

66
Q

notochord

A

rigid rods that provide for structure

67
Q

post-anal tail

A

extension of body beyond the anal opening

68
Q

why are lancelets considered living

A

they are able to respond.

69
Q

why are lancelets put in the same phylum as vertebrates

A

they had the characteristics of CHORDATES sometime during development

70
Q

why are lancelets less complex than vertebrates

A

what they have don’t develop into something else and the systems they have remain the same throughout their lives

71
Q

what do lancelets help us learn about?

A

they had characteristics that other animals didn’t have before and by observing them clearly, we can understand more

72
Q

three classes of fish

A

osteichthyes (bony), chondrichthyes (cartilaginous), agnatha (jawless)

73
Q

types of fins (5)

A

dorsal, pelvic, pectoral, anal, caudal

74
Q

why are amphibians called amphibians?

A

amphibians live double lives; one as tadpoles and the other as frogs. they live in water and then land

75
Q

how do snakes eat (2)

A

constrict, venom

76
Q

biomimicry

A

copying an animal and using that to their advantage

77
Q

characteristics of REPTILIA (3)

A

ectothermic, shell-covered amniotic eggs, internal fertilization

78
Q

why are reptiles able to live in dry climates?

A

they have internal fertilization and they don’t have gills that need extra oxygen for moisture

79
Q

how are birds well-adapted for flight? (3)

A

lightweight skeleton, tail stabilizes flight, and air sacs provide more oxygen,

80
Q

what unique characteristics do MAMMALS have?

A

mammary glands to feed their young

81
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have?

A

cell wall

82
Q

parts of a plant cell (7)

A

mitochondria, cell membrane, vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, chloroplasts

83
Q

mitochondria

A

turns glucose into energy

84
Q

cell membrane

A

lets things in and out; surrounds cytoplasm

85
Q

cell wall

A

rigid and box shaped

86
Q

vacuole

A

holds water

87
Q

chlorophyll

A

executes photosynthesis

88
Q

chloroplasts

A

contains chlorophyll

89
Q

nucleus

A

dna

90
Q

how are plant and animal cells alike?

A

mitochondria, nucleus, and cell membrane

91
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly-like substance

92
Q

how are plants different from animal cells?

A

chloroplasts, only one vacuole, cell wall

93
Q

how are animals different from plant cells?

A

circle-like cell, nucleus lies in center, many small vacuoles

94
Q

three ways plants reproduce

A

spores, cones and flower

95
Q

what is the simplest phylum?

A

porifera

96
Q

what is needed to be considered a living thing? (7)

A

digestion, respiration, excretion, movement, reproduction, growth, and response

97
Q

what can too much co2 lead to?

A

lower pH

98
Q

what do kidneys do?

A

maintains water

99
Q

what surrounds the alveoli?

A

capillaries

100
Q

mouth

A

food broken down mechanically and chmeically

101
Q

esophagus

A

muscles relaxes and contracts pushing food down to stomach

102
Q

stomach

A

physically mixes food and chemically breaks down with HCl

103
Q

small intestine

A

glucose gets through walls and blood vessels collect glucose ; taking nutrients

104
Q

*pancreas

A

adds insulin so glucose can be absorbed by cells

105
Q

*liver

A

produces bile and stores and releases glucose into blood after and between meals

106
Q

large intestine

A

absorbs anything else the body needs; water and salt

107
Q

rectum

A

begins at the end of intestine

108
Q

anus

A

releases waste from body

109
Q

what does the pancreas and liver have in common?

A

regulates glucose and gets rid of toxins

110
Q

what causes diabetes?

A

inability for pancreas to produce insulin

111
Q

arteries

A

carry away blood

112
Q

vein

A

carry blood to heart

113
Q

how nervous system works (9)

A
  1. receptor senses stimulus
  2. receptor transmits signal
  3. signal travels to brain
  4. brain receives signal
  5. brain processes signal
  6. brain transmits signal
  7. signal travels to muscles
  8. muscles contract and relax
  9. bones move the organism

7th Grade Science (4 decks)

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