Unit VIII Flashcards
Dietary Sources of potassium
- artichoke
- avocados
- bananas
- cantaloupe
- cassava
- dried fruits
- grapefruit
- honey dew
- jack fruit
- kiwi
- kohlrabi
- lima beans
- mango
- meats
- milk
- dried peas and beans
- nuts
- oranges/orange juice
- papaya
- peaches
- pears
- plantains
- pomegranate
- potatoes (white and sweet)
- prunes/prune juice
- pumpkin
- rhubarb
- salt substitute
- spinach
- sunflower seeds
- Swiss chard
- tomatoes/tomato juice
- vegetable juice
- winter squash
Dietary Sources of Sodium
- baking mixes (pancakes, muffins)
- barbecue sauce
- buttermilk
- butter/margarine
- canned chili
- canned seafood
- canned soups
- canned spaghetti sauce
- cured meats
- dry onion soup mix
- “fast” foods
- frozen dinners
- macaroni and cheese
- microwave dinners
- Parmesan cheese
- pickles
- potato salad
- pretzels, potato chips
- salad dressings (prepared)
- salt
- sauerkraut
- tomato ketchup
People who are more at risk for dehydration
Elderly Infants Pt's with an ileostomy Pt's with diabeties Pt's on diuretic therapy Pt's on long term NPO
Symptoms that put someone at risk for dehydration
Fever diarrhea Draining fistula or abscess Hemorrhage Profuse diaphoresis Systeic infection Vomiting
Normal lab values
My Pretty Kitty Can Climb Nicely Mg-1.6-2.2 Phos-2.5-4.5 K-3.5-5.3 Ca-8.2-10.2 Cl-97-107 Na-135-145
Normal ABG
PaCO2: 35-45
pH: 7.35-7.45
Bicarb (HCO3): 22-26
Normal Mg value:
1.6-2.2
Normal Phos Value:
2.5-4.5
Normal K value:
3.5-5.3
Normal Ca value:
8.2-10.2
Normal Na value:
135-145
Normal Cl value:
97-107
normal PaCO2 value:
35-45
Normal pH:
7.35-7.45
Normal Bicarb value (HCO3):
22-26
Factors that majorly affect acid pase balance:
If pt has a respiratory problem such as CPOD or Kidney problem
Patients who may need to be on fluid restrictions:
CHF
Renal failure or dialysis
Fluid retention/Hypervolemia
Hyponatremia
Considerations for patients on fluid restrictions:
Fluid must be monitored very closley.
It is very important that all members of the care team are aware of restrictions. Signage is very important
To assist in compliance, plan fluid spacing with the client
Remeber to incude all fluids ingested. Including the ones with meds
Maintaining fluid volume status for the elderly:
Fluid intake sheet
Urine specific gravity
Monitor for dry furroxed tonuge, mucous membranes, sunken eyes, confusion, and upper body muscle weakness
Regular bedridden elderly pt’s should be offered fluids regularly
Owing to the observation that medication time can be an important source of fluids, fluids should be encouraged at this time,
Why are eldery more at risk for FVD?
- baking mixes (pancakes, muffins)
- barbecue sauce
- buttermilk
- butter/margarine
- canned chili
- canned seafood
- canned soups
- canned spaghetti sauce
- cured meats
- dry onion soup mix
- “fast” foods
- frozen dinners
- macaroni and cheese
- microwave dinners
- Parmesan cheese
- pickles
- potato salad
- pretzels, potato chips
- salad dressings (prepared)
- salt
- sauerkraut
- tomato ketchup
Why are infants more at risk for FVD?
lose more fluid through skin, larger body surface area compared to their body weight, kidneys are not fully developed
S/S of FVD or Hypovolemia
Excessive thirst, dark urine, confusion, dizziness, fatuige, sticky or dry mucous membranes, skin tenting (poor turgor) Eyes appear sunken
S/S of FVO or Hypervolemia
Edema, rales or ceackles in the lungs, puffiness, CHF, Pulmonary edema, BP increases
Lasix
Is not potassium sparing
It is a diuretic therefore it can cause dehydration and hypokalemia
Functions of water in the body
o Acts as a vehicle for transportation of substances
o Aids in heat regularion; though heating and evaporation
o Assists in maintaining pH balance
o Serves as a medium for enzyme action of digestion
Hypertonic solution
Cell is surrounded by water that has a greater concentration of solute causing the cell to shrivel or shrink
Hypotonic solution
Cell is surrounded by a solution that has less solute than the cell has causing it to expand
Isotonic
Cells are surrounded by a concentration that has the same concentration as the cell
Osmosis
Moves molecules from an area of low concentratio to High
Through a semipermiable membrane
Diffusion
Moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration
Equalization
Intracellular
within the cell
2/3 of our total body water
High in K
Extracellular Fluid
Outside of cells
1/3 of total body water
High in Na
Transports fluid, water, oxygen, and waste
Intravascular
Within the blood vessels
Interstitial fluid
In the space surrounding the cells
High in Na
Transcellular fluid
In body cavities and secretions
Where does most of the nutrition absorption occur?
Small intestine
Hypoxemia
Blood oxygen is low
Hypoxia
Deficiecy of oxygen supply to the body
Acid is a substance that
releases Hydrogen ions
Base is a substance that
Takes up Hydrogen ions
Most important base in the body is
Bicarb
At what pH does death occur
6.8-7.8
A low pH is
Acidic
A high pH is
Basic or Alkaline
The body generates Carbonic acid into what?
CO2 AND HO2
How is carbonic acid released from the body?
Exhaling
How is metabolic acid excreted from the body?
Kidneys
