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Practical Nursing 101 > Unit V > Flashcards

Unit V Flashcards

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1
Q

When administering morphine for pain you should always assess what

A

pain level and LOC

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2
Q

What vitals need to be monitored when a pt is taking morphine?

A

Respirations, pulse. bloodpressure

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3
Q

This drug is given to sickle cell patients who are in sickle cell crisis or patients who have just had an MI

A

Morphine

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4
Q

MAO inhibitors cannot be given with morphine because they cause what?

A

Serotonin syndrome

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5
Q

What does a patient need to do to prevent lung infections when taking opioids?

A

Turn Cough Deep breath every two hours

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6
Q

Beta blocker, used for hypertension, angina, MI or heart attack, migranes and irregular heartbeats

A

Metoprolol (lopressor)

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7
Q

When taking metoprolol _____ should be assessed to ensure ________

A

Lung sounds

fluid is not building up

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8
Q

Caffine should be limited when taking ________

A

metoprolol

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9
Q

Metformin is a _______ which can only be taken by ________

A

oral antidiabetic

type 2 diabetics

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10
Q

Metformin can case what kind of GI problem

A

Diahrrhea

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11
Q

Discontinue Metformin ___ hours before contrast imaging

A

48

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12
Q

Use Metformin cautiously in

A

Severe renal impaired pt’s and chronic alcohol abusers

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13
Q

When taking metoprelol and you miss a dose always remember

A

To take it at the same time everyday, do not skip or double dose. Do not let more than 8 hrs go by between doses

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14
Q

Abrupt withdrawal of Metoprolol can cause

A

life threatening arrhythmias, hypotension, or myocardial ischemia

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15
Q

Metoprolol can increase sensitivity to what?

A

Cold

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16
Q

What should diabetics know about taking metoprolol?

A

It can raise blood sugar so they should monitor blood glucose closley`

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17
Q

Why does a patient need routine follow ups with metformin?

A

regular blood sugar checks, renal function,

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18
Q

CHills, diahrrhea, dizziness, low BP, muscle pain, abdominal pain, sleepiness, and slow heart beat or pulse, dyspnea, or weakness are all symptoms of…

A

Lactic acidosis

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19
Q

Blood sugar checks and urine ketones should be monotored closely during _______

A

times of stress or illness

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20
Q

Discontinue metformin if:

A

severe infection, dehydration, and severe or continuing diarrhea occurs or if a medical test or surgery is required

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21
Q

Patients taking metformin should be advised to alwasy carry what?

A

An ID card detailing therapy

A form of sugar

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22
Q

If hypoglycemia occurs advise pt to take:

A

a glass of orange juice
2-3 tsp of sugar, honey, or corn syrup dissolved in water
and to notify PCP`

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23
Q

Memantine

A

(Namenda)

Used to improve the symptoms of alzhimer’s disease, but is NOT a cure. Does NOT stop the progression of the disease.

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24
Q

A patient who is taking Memantine should have their cognitive funtion assessed when?

A

Before they start this medication and periodically throughout tx to see if symptoms are improving or worsening

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25
Q

If a severely renal impaired pt is prescribed memantine the nurse should expect:

A

to administer a lower dose

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26
Q

When a pt is prescribed memantine the pt and the caregiver should be taught how to _____ the dose.

A

titrate

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27
Q

When missing a dose of memantine:

A

take missed dose as soon as remebered but do not double dose.
If several days are missed pt may need to start on a lower dose.

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28
Q

Meclizine

A

Antivert
antihistamine
motion sickness
can cross milk barrier

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29
Q

A patient should take meclizine a ______ before motion sickness is expected

A

1 hr

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30
Q

Magnesium Oxide

A

MAg Ox
Elecrolyte replacement for Mag
Can be used as a laxative or antacid

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31
Q

If using Mag Ox as a laxative:

A

the abdomen ahould be assessed and withheld if there is any sign of a fever

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32
Q

When taking mag ox with other meds remeber…

A

DO NOT take withing 2 hr of other meds. esp fluoroquinolones

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33
Q

How long does it take mag ox to work?

A

3-6 hours

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34
Q

Symptoms of electrolye imbalance

A

muscle pain, dizziness, weakness, muscule cramps

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35
Q

Meclizine

A

antivert
Antihistamine
treats Motion sickness
treats Vertigo

36
Q

When taking meclizine prophylactically…

A

take an hour before anticipated motion sickness

37
Q

Metmantine

A

Namenda

used to manage sypmtoms of alzheimers

38
Q

Lorazepam

A 
Ativan
antianxiety
Benzodiazapine
sedative
hypnotic
anticonvulsive
Can be used as anesthetic
39
Q

What vitals should be monitored when taking ativan or lorazepam

A

Heart rate and respiratory rate (esp if IV)

40
Q

What to do if pt is having a seizure`

A

DO NOT hold them
Items that are close should be moved away if possible.
Time seizure to see if pt’s brain has been deprived on oxygen.
DO NOT put anything in pt’s mouth

41
Q

If ativan is less effective after a week…

A

call PCP

42
Q

Methods of manageing anxiety

A

increase exersize, support groups, reaxation techniques, adressing the source of anxiety, and improving coping skills

43
Q

Ativan decreases the effects of…

A

Birth control

44
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Used to tx hypothyroidism

45
Q

What to do if lorazepam is less effective after a week…

A

notify PCP; do not increase dose

46
Q

Use Ativan cautiously in

A 
hepatic/renal/pulmonary impaired patients
Depression
Psychosis
hx of suicide
hx of drug abuse
COPD
Sleep apnea
47
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthroid
For hypothyroidism
increases metabolism of the body

48
Q

If a pt is taking Levothyroxine what vitals should be monitored?

A

BP and pulse

49
Q

If you miss 2-3 doses of synthroid

A

notify PCP

50
Q

Take 4 hours apart from Synthroid

A

antacids, iron, and calcium suppluments

51
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

headache, nervousness, diarrhea, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, chest pain, increased pulse, palpations, weight loss greater than two pounds in a week

52
Q

Do you take levothyroxine with food?

A

In the morning 30-60 mins before food to help medication be absorbed

53
Q

When starting Synthroid know that…

A

the dose starts low and is gradually increased. Follow up lab work is required to ensure med is theraputic

54
Q

Ibuprofen

A 
Advil, motrin
Antipyretic
Antirhumatic
NSAID
Can be used for menstrul cramps
55
Q

What is aspirin triad

A

nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin allergies. Puts a patient at higher risk to have a reaction to ibuprofen

56
Q

How is Ibuprofen doesed to children?

A

by weight in kg

57
Q

What GI problems can Ibuprofen cause?

A

GI bleeding

58
Q

When a patient is about to do ROM exercises, give ibuprofen…

A

1 half hour before supposed to go

59
Q

When taking Ibuprofen by mouth, instruct pt to…

A

Take with full glass of water and remain in an upright 10-15 mins after administration/

60
Q

Do not administer ibuprofen to dehydrated patients becuase it can cause

A

vomiting, diarrhea, and increased risk of renal dysfunction

61
Q

Ibuprofen dereases the effect of:

A

diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and other hypertensives

62
Q

Ibuprofen can increase effects of:

A

insulin and hypoglycemics

63
Q

Ibuprofen can increase risk of bleeding with

A

blood thnners, drugs effecting platelet function, and corticosteroids

64
Q

What is the expected outcome of antipyretics?

A

Reduction of fever

tx of inflammation and infection

65
Q

Why are older adults more suseptable to infection?

A

fragile skin that tears wasily and leaves them at a greater risk for an infection

66
Q

How do liquids remain sterile? How should liquids be poured?

A

Hold bottle so that label is against the palm of your hand to keep from messing up label. Pour liquid slowly to avoid splashing. Hold 4-6 inches above the basin. Check expiration date/ open date; liquids are no longer sterile if open too long. Lip the bottle. Inside of the bottle is sterile but the outside is not

67
Q

proper body mechanics

A

Plan work carefully
Eleveate your work to a comfortable level. Raise beds so that you do not have to bend over
Keep feet shoulder width apart, one foot slightly ahead of the other when standing for long periods
Avoid twisting, which can cause strain or injury to the lower back. Turn your whole body or pivot on one foot instead of twisting
When lifting heavy objects from another level, such as a low shelf on the floow, bend your knees, not your back. Squat to reach the object and keep your back straight as you flex your hip and thigh muscles of your body to support the load
When carrying an object, hold it close to your body with elbows bent. If the weight is away from your body rather than close the center of gravity shifts and your balance is affected. This increases the strain on your back and increases the chances you will fall
Push pull or slide heavy objects rather than lifting when possible
GET HELP

68
Q

What is contact dermatitis

A

Rash from substance or chemical, may not initially occur but can occur within 7-10 days

69
Q

Treatments for contact dermatitis

A

Controlling symptoms
Oral or topical antihistamines
Topical drying agents
Topical corticosteroids- apply after bath or shower
If syptoms are severe systemic corticosteroids or topical immunodulators, such as tacrolimus (protopic) and primecrolimus (Elidel), my be prescribed

70
Q

Signs and symptom of contact dermatitis

A

Area becomes red and puritic within hours of exposure

71
Q

What is a major concers with contact dermatitis?`

A

A secondary infection

72
Q

What is a CNS?

A

Culture and sensitivity done to identify microorganisms causing an infection and what kind of antibiotic will successfully treat it.

73
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Exaggerated response of the immune system that can cause injury to the body

74
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity

A

rashes, itching, tearing/burning of the eyes, nose twitching and nasal stuffiness

75
Q

How fast can hypersensitivity occur?

A

Usually the second time they are exposed to it and every time after they are exposed it happens quicker

76
Q

What is MRSA

A

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

77
Q

Primary treatment of MRSA

A

IV antibiotics
Monitor pain
Maintain contact precautions
Notify PCP if pain or S/S worsens

78
Q

Primary infection prevention

A

Skin, mucous membranes, GI system

79
Q

Secondary infection prevention

A

Inflammatory response, elevated temp, complement cascade

80
Q

Tertiary/collaborative infection prevention

A

Involved specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes that fight infection either as B cells or T cells

81
Q

What is range of motion (ROM)

A

Series of activities designed to move each joint through all of its natural actions

82
Q

What is ROM do or prevent?

A

Decreases muscle atrophy, contractures, osteoperosis

83
Q

How often should ROM be preformed

A

every 8 hrs

84
Q

What is celluilitis?

A

Inflamation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue resulting from infection, usually with staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria.
Can occur as a result of skin trauma or secondary bacterial infection of an open wound
Does not HAVE to be a result of skin trauma. Often occurs in extremities esp lower legs

85
Q

What are some of the treatments for cellulitis

A

Topical antibiotics
Debridment of nonviable tissue
Systematic antibiotics if fever and lymphadenopathy are present
Elevation of the extremity can reduce pain and swelling
Monitor vital signs and report any hypotension and tachycardia Indicative of systematic infection
Measure extremity daily to monitor procress, mark with marker

86
Q

Signs and symptoms of cellulitis

A

Localized inflammation; can become generalized if not treated
Warmth, redness, localized edema, pain, tenderness, fever, and lymphphadenopathy

Practical Nursing 101 (10 decks)

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